Singh Varinder, Bedi Gurleen Kaur, Shri Richa
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Punjab, India.
Int J Med Mushrooms. 2017;19(1):17-25. doi: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i1.20.
Management of type 2 diabetes by delaying or preventing glucose absorption using natural products is gaining significant attention. Edible mushrooms are well documented for their nutritional and medicinal properties. This investigation was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of aqueous extracts of selected culinary-medicinal mushrooms, namely, Pleurotus ostreatus, Calocybe indica, and Volvariella volvacea, using in vitro models (α-amylase inhibition assay, glucose uptake by yeast cells, and glucose adsorption capacity). The most active extract was subsequently examined in vivo using the oral starch tolerance test in mice. All prepared extracts showed dose-dependent inhibition of α-amylase and an increase in glucose transport across yeast cells. C. indica extract was the most active α-amylase inhibitor (half-maximal inhibitory concentration, 18.07 ± 0.75 mg/mL) and exhibited maximum glucose uptake by yeast cells (77.53 ± 0.97% at 35 mg/mL). All extracts demonstrated weak glucose adsorption ability. The positive in vitro tests for C. indica paved the way for in vivo studies. C. indica extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced postprandial blood glucose peaks in mice challenged with starch. The extract (400 mg/kg) and acarbose normalized blood glucose levels at 180 minutes, when they were statistically similar to values in normal mice. Thus, it may be concluded that the antidiabetic effect of C. indica is mediated by inhibition of starch metabolism (α-amylase inhibition), increased glucose uptake by peripheral cells (promotion of glucose uptake by yeast cells), and mild entrapment (adsorption) of glucose. Hence, C. indica can be developed as antidiabetic drug after detailed pharmacological studies.
利用天然产物延迟或阻止葡萄糖吸收来管理2型糖尿病正受到广泛关注。食用蘑菇因其营养和药用特性而有充分记载。本研究旨在使用体外模型（α-淀粉酶抑制试验、酵母细胞对葡萄糖的摄取以及葡萄糖吸附能力）评估选定的药食两用蘑菇（即平菇、印度白鬼伞和草菇）水提取物的抗糖尿病活性。随后使用小鼠口服淀粉耐量试验对活性最强的提取物进行体内研究。所有制备的提取物均表现出对α-淀粉酶的剂量依赖性抑制以及酵母细胞对葡萄糖转运的增加。印度白鬼伞提取物是最有效的α-淀粉酶抑制剂（半数最大抑制浓度，18.07±0.75毫克/毫升），并在酵母细胞中表现出最大的葡萄糖摄取量（35毫克/毫升时为77.53±0.97%）。所有提取物均表现出较弱的葡萄糖吸附能力。印度白鬼伞在体外试验中的阳性结果为体内研究铺平了道路。印度白鬼伞提取物（200和400毫克/千克）显著（P<0.05）降低了用淀粉攻击的小鼠的餐后血糖峰值。提取物（400毫克/千克）和阿卡波糖在180分钟时使血糖水平正常化，此时它们与正常小鼠的值在统计学上相似。因此，可以得出结论，印度白鬼伞的抗糖尿病作用是通过抑制淀粉代谢（α-淀粉酶抑制）、增加外周细胞对葡萄糖的摄取（促进酵母细胞对葡萄糖的摄取）以及轻度截留（吸附）葡萄糖来介导的。因此，经过详细的药理学研究后，印度白鬼伞可被开发为抗糖尿病药物。
