Forrest Lauren N, Smith April R, Swanson Sonja A
Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.
Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Int J Eat Disord. 2017 Jul;50(7):826-833. doi: 10.1002/eat.22702. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
The majority of persons with eating disorders (EDs) do not seek ED treatment, yet little is known about treatment-seeking barriers or facilitators. The aim of the study is to describe the characteristics associated with seeking ED treatment among U.S. adolescents with EDs.
Data from a nationally representative cross-sectional study of U.S. adolescents ages 13-18 years were used for these analyses. Specifically, adolescents who met criteria for lifetime EDs (N = 281) were included. Sociodemographic information, characteristics of EDs, psychiatric comorbidities, and other mental health service use were assessed via interview.
Only 20% of adolescents sought ED treatment. Females were 2.2 (95% CI 0.8, 6.4) times more likely to seek treatment than males (19.9% vs. 8.9%). Adolescents who met criteria for anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa were 2.4 (95% CI 0.9, 6.3) and 1.9 (95% CI 1.0, 3.8) times more likely to seek treatment than adolescents who met criteria for binge-eating disorder (27.5% and 22.3% vs. 11.6%). Specific ED behaviors (restriction and purging), ED-related impairment, and any mental health service use were also associated with adolescent treatment seeking.
Adolescent treatment seeking was infrequent overall, with individuals with counter-stereotypic ED presentations least likely to have sought treatment. Adolescent treatment seeking could be promoted through increasing awareness among the public and healthcare professionals that EDs affect a heterogeneous group of people. More generally, research involving both treatment-seeking and non-treatment-seeking individuals holds great potential to refine the field's knowledge of ED etiology, prevalence, treatment, and prevention.
大多数饮食失调（ED）患者不寻求ED治疗，但对于寻求治疗的障碍或促进因素知之甚少。本研究的目的是描述美国患有ED的青少年中与寻求ED治疗相关的特征。
这些分析使用了来自一项针对13 - 18岁美国青少年的具有全国代表性的横断面研究的数据。具体而言，纳入了符合终生ED标准的青少年（N = 281）。通过访谈评估社会人口统计学信息、ED特征、精神共病以及其他心理健康服务的使用情况。
只有20%的青少年寻求ED治疗。女性寻求治疗的可能性是男性的2.2（95%可信区间0.8，6.4）倍（19.9%对8.9%）。符合神经性厌食症或神经性贪食症标准的青少年寻求治疗的可能性分别是符合暴饮暴食障碍标准的青少年的2.4（95%可信区间0.9，6.3）倍和1.9（95%可信区间1.0，3.8）倍（分别为27.5%和22.3%对11.6%）。特定的ED行为（限制饮食和清除行为）、与ED相关的损害以及任何心理健康服务的使用也与青少年寻求治疗有关。
总体而言，青少年寻求治疗的情况并不常见，具有反刻板印象ED表现的个体寻求治疗的可能性最小。可以通过提高公众和医疗保健专业人员对ED影响不同人群的认识来促进青少年寻求治疗。更一般地说，涉及寻求治疗和不寻求治疗个体的研究对于完善该领域对ED病因、患病率、治疗和预防的认识具有巨大潜力。
