Shaker Catherine S
Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, Florida Hospital for Children, Orlando, Florida.
Semin Speech Lang. 2017 Apr;38(2):96-105. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1599107. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
The rapid progress in medical and technical innovations in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) has been accompanied by concern for outcomes of NICU graduates. Although advances in neonatal care have led to significant changes in survival rates of very small and extremely preterm neonates, early feeding difficulties with the transition from tube feeding to oral feeding are prominent and often persist beyond discharge to home. Progress in learning to feed in the NICU and continued growth in feeding skills after the NICU may be closely tied to fostering neuroprotection and safety. The experience of learning to feed in the NICU may predispose preterm neonates to feeding problems that persist. Neonatal feeding as an area of specialized clinical practice has grown considerably in the last decade. This article is the first in a two-part series devoted to neonatal feeding. Part 1 explores factors in NICU feeding experiences that may serve to constrain or promote feeding skill development, not only in the NICU but long after discharge to home. Part II describes approaches to intervention that support neuroprotection and safety.
新生儿重症监护病房（NICU）在医学和技术创新方面的迅速进展，伴随着对NICU毕业患儿预后的关注。尽管新生儿护理的进步已使极小和极早产儿的存活率发生显著变化，但从管饲过渡到经口喂养时早期出现的喂养困难十分突出，且往往持续到出院回家之后。在NICU学习喂养的进展以及NICU之后喂养技能的持续提高，可能与促进神经保护和安全密切相关。在NICU学习喂养的经历可能使早产儿易出现持续存在的喂养问题。作为一个专业临床实践领域，新生儿喂养在过去十年中有了显著发展。本文是关于新生儿喂养的系列文章的第一篇，共两部分。第一部分探讨NICU喂养经历中可能限制或促进喂养技能发展的因素，不仅在NICU期间，而且在出院回家后的很长时间内。第二部分描述支持神经保护和安全的干预方法。
