Zulfiqar Hafiza Fizzah, Javed Aneeqa, Afroze Bakht, Ali Qurban, Akbar Khadija, Nadeem Tariq, Rana Muhammad Adeel, Nazar Zaheer Ahmad, Nasir Idrees Ahmad, Husnain Tayyab
Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab , Lahore , Pakistan.
Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan.
Front Public Health. 2017 Mar 7;5:32. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00032. eCollection 2017.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the chief contributor to global burden of disease. In 2010, HIV was the fifth leading cause of disability-adjusted life years in people of all ages and leading cause for people aged 30-44 years. It is classified as a member of the family Retroviridae and genus Lentivirus based on the biological, morphological, and genetic properties. It infects different cells of the immune system, such as CD4+ T cells (T-helper cells), dendritic cells, and macrophages. HIV has two subtypes: HIV-1 and HIV-2. Among these strains, HIV-1 is the most virulent and pathogenic. Advanced diagnostic methods are exploring new ways of treatment and contributing in the reduction of HIV cases. The diagnostic techniques like PCR, rapid test, EIA, p24 antigen, and western blot have markedly upgraded the diagnosis of HIV. Antiretroviral therapy and vaccines are promising candidates in providing therapeutic and preventive regimes, respectively. Invention of CRISPR/Cas9 is a breakthrough in the field of HIV disease management.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）是全球疾病负担的主要促成因素。2010年，HIV是所有年龄段人群中伤残调整生命年的第五大主要原因，也是30至44岁人群的主要病因。根据生物学、形态学和遗传学特性，它被归类为逆转录病毒科慢病毒属的成员。它感染免疫系统的不同细胞，如CD4 + T细胞（辅助性T细胞）、树突状细胞和巨噬细胞。HIV有两种亚型：HIV - 1和HIV - 2。在这些毒株中，HIV - 1毒性最强、致病性最高。先进的诊断方法正在探索新的治疗方法，并有助于减少HIV病例。像PCR、快速检测、酶免疫测定、p24抗原和蛋白质印迹等诊断技术显著提升了HIV的诊断水平。抗逆转录病毒疗法和疫苗分别是提供治疗和预防方案的有前景的候选方法。CRISPR/Cas9的发明是HIV疾病管理领域的一项突破。
