Sanjari Moghaddam Hossein, Zare-Shahabadi Ameneh, Rahmani Farzaneh, Rezaei Nima
Rev Neurosci. 2017 Jul 26;28(5):509-536. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0068.
Parkinson's disease (PD) is histologically characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein particles, known as Lewy bodies. The second most common neurodegenerative disorder, PD is widely known because of the typical motor manifestations of active tremor, rigidity, and postural instability, while several prodromal non-motor symptoms including REM sleep behavior disorders, depression, autonomic disturbances, and cognitive decline are being more extensively recognized. Motor symptoms most commonly arise from synucleinopathy of nigrostriatal pathway. Glutamatergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, cholinergic, serotoninergic, and endocannabinoid neurotransmission systems are not spared from the global cerebral neurodegenerative assault. Wide intrabasal and extrabasal of the basal ganglia provide enough justification to evaluate network circuits disturbance of these neurotransmission systems in PD. In this comprehensive review, English literature in PubMed, Science direct, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were perused. Characteristics of dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic systems, disturbance of these neurotransmitter systems in the pathophysiology of PD, and their treatment applications are discussed.
帕金森病（PD）在组织学上的特征是α-突触核蛋白颗粒的积累，即路易小体。作为第二常见的神经退行性疾病，PD广为人知是因为其典型的运动表现，如主动震颤、僵硬和姿势不稳，而包括快速眼动睡眠行为障碍、抑郁、自主神经功能紊乱和认知衰退在内的几种前驱非运动症状也得到了更广泛的认识。运动症状最常见于黑质纹状体通路的突触核蛋白病。谷氨酸能、γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）能、胆碱能、5-羟色胺能和内源性大麻素神经传递系统也未能幸免于全球脑性神经退行性攻击。基底神经节广泛的基底内和基底外区域为评估PD中这些神经传递系统的网络回路紊乱提供了充分的依据。在这篇综述中，查阅了PubMed、Science direct、EMBASE和Web of Science数据库中的英文文献。讨论了多巴胺能和非多巴胺能系统的特征、这些神经递质系统在PD病理生理学中的紊乱及其治疗应用。
