National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), Annapolis, Maryland 21401, USA.
Luc Hoffmann Institute, World Wildlife Fund International, 1196 Gland, Switzerland.
Nature. 2017 Mar 30;543(7647):665-669. doi: 10.1038/nature21708. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being used globally to conserve marine resources. However, whether many MPAs are being effectively and equitably managed, and how MPA management influences substantive outcomes remain unknown. We developed a global database of management and fish population data (433 and 218 MPAs, respectively) to assess: MPA management processes; the effects of MPAs on fish populations; and relationships between management processes and ecological effects. Here we report that many MPAs failed to meet thresholds for effective and equitable management processes, with widespread shortfalls in staff and financial resources. Although 71% of MPAs positively influenced fish populations, these conservation impacts were highly variable. Staff and budget capacity were the strongest predictors of conservation impact: MPAs with adequate staff capacity had ecological effects 2.9 times greater than MPAs with inadequate capacity. Thus, continued global expansion of MPAs without adequate investment in human and financial capacity is likely to lead to sub-optimal conservation outcomes.
海洋保护区（MPAs）在全球范围内被越来越多地用于保护海洋资源。然而，许多 MPA 是否得到了有效和公平的管理，以及 MPA 管理如何影响实质性结果仍不清楚。我们开发了一个全球管理和鱼类种群数据数据库（分别为 433 个和 218 个 MPA），以评估：MPA 管理过程；MPA 对鱼类种群的影响；以及管理过程与生态效应之间的关系。在这里，我们报告说，许多 MPA 未能达到有效和公平管理过程的阈值，在人员和财政资源方面普遍存在短缺。尽管 71%的 MPA 对鱼类种群产生了积极影响，但这些保护影响差异很大。人员和预算能力是保护影响的最强预测因素：人员配备充足的 MPA 的生态效应是人员配备不足的 MPA 的 2.9 倍。因此，如果不投入足够的人力和财力来继续在全球范围内扩大 MPA，可能会导致保护结果不理想。
