MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Montpellier, France.
Institut Universitaire de France, IUF, Paris, France.
Nat Commun. 2024 Oct 18;15(1):9007. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53241-1.
The global network of protected areas has rapidly expanded in the past decade and is expected to cover at least 30% of land and sea by 2030 to halt biodiversity erosion. Yet, the distribution of protected areas is highly heterogeneous on Earth and the social-environmental preconditions enabling or hindering protected area establishment remain poorly understood. Here, using fourteen socioeconomic and environmental factors, we characterize the multidimensional niche of terrestrial and marine protected areas, which we use to accurately establish, at the global scale, whether a particular location has preconditions favourable for paestablishment. We reveal that protected areas, particularly the most restrictive ones, over-aggregate where human development and the number of non-governmental organizations are high. Based on the spatial distribution of vertebrates and the likelihood to convert non-protected areas into strictly protected areas, we identify 'potential' versus 'unrealistic' conservation gains on land and sea, which we define as areas of high vertebrate diversity that are, respectively, favourable and unfavourable to protected area establishment. Where protected areas are unrealistic, alternative strategies such as other effective area-based conservation measures or privately protected areas, could deliver conservation outcomes.
在过去的十年中，全球保护区网络迅速扩张，预计到 2030 年，保护区将覆盖至少 30%的陆地和海洋，以阻止生物多样性的丧失。然而，地球上保护区的分布高度不均匀，能够或阻碍保护区建立的社会-环境前提条件仍了解甚少。在这里，我们使用了十四个社会经济和环境因素来描述陆地和海洋保护区的多维生态位，我们利用这些因素在全球范围内准确确定特定地点是否具备有利于保护区建立的前提条件。我们发现，保护区，特别是最严格的保护区，在人类发展和非政府组织数量较高的地方过度聚集。根据脊椎动物的空间分布和将非保护区转变为严格保护区的可能性，我们确定了陆地和海洋上的“潜在”和“不切实际”的保护增益，我们将其定义为高脊椎动物多样性的区域，分别有利于和不利于保护区的建立。在不切实际的保护区，其他有效的基于区域的保护措施或私人保护区等替代策略可能会带来保护成果。
