School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Kinesiology & Community Health, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Gerontologist. 2017 Nov 10;57(6):1072-1083. doi: 10.1093/geront/gnw256.
We examined the prospective effect of an evidence-based exercise intervention (¡Caminemos!) on cognitive function among older Hispanic/Latino adults and the potential synergistic effects (if any) of an attribution-retraining intervention given to a random sample to counter negative ascriptions of the aging process.
We analyzed baseline and follow-up (1- and 2-year) data collected from Hispanics/Latinos ≥60 years (N = 571) who participated in ¡Caminemos! across 27 senior centers. All participants were randomly assigned to either (a) the treatment group-a 1-hr attribution-retraining session plus a 1-hr exercise class or (b) the control group-health education plus a 1-hr exercise class. Mixed-effects linear regression was used to determine the effects of the exercise class and the attribution-retraining component on longitudinal changes in cognitive functioning, as measured by the Modified Mini-Mental State (3MS) examination.
In analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, income, and medical comorbidities, participants in both trial arms displayed higher cognitive functioning scores at the 1-year (β = 1.76, p = .001) and 2-year (β = 1.37, p = .013) follow-ups when compared with original baseline scores. However, we found no significant difference in cognitive function between the treatment versus control conditions (β = 0.41, p = .582), nor were any differences found across groups over time.
The exercise intervention improved cognitive function in older Hispanics/Latinos, regardless of whether it was supplemented with the age-related attribution retraining. These findings suggest that limited access to exercise programs may be a greater obstacle in forestalling cognitive decline in older Hispanics/Latinos than the negative beliefs they might hold of the aging process.
本研究旨在考察一项基于证据的锻炼干预措施（¡Caminemos！）对老年西班牙裔/拉丁裔成年人认知功能的前瞻性影响，以及为了抵消对衰老过程的负面归因，向随机样本提供归因再培训干预的潜在协同作用（如果有的话）。
我们分析了参加 27 个老年人中心的 ¡Caminemos！的年龄在 60 岁及以上的西班牙裔/拉丁裔参与者（N=571）的基线和随访（1 年和 2 年）数据。所有参与者均随机分配至（a）治疗组-1 小时归因再培训课程加 1 小时锻炼课程，或（b）对照组-健康教育加 1 小时锻炼课程。使用混合效应线性回归来确定锻炼课程和归因再培训部分对认知功能的纵向变化的影响，认知功能由改良的迷你精神状态检查（3MS）评估。
在调整了年龄、性别、教育程度、收入和合并的医疗状况后，与原始基线评分相比，两个试验组的参与者在 1 年（β=1.76，p=0.001）和 2 年（β=1.37，p=0.013）随访时的认知功能评分更高。然而，我们未发现治疗与对照组之间的认知功能差异有统计学意义（β=0.41，p=0.582），也未发现不同组间随时间的差异。
锻炼干预可改善老年西班牙裔/拉丁裔的认知功能，无论是否补充与年龄相关的归因再培训。这些发现表明，在阻止老年西班牙裔/拉丁裔认知能力下降方面，限制他们参加锻炼计划的机会可能比他们对衰老过程的负面看法更为重要。
