The NEIL Programme, Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Department of Statistics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Ageing Res Rev. 2014 Jul;16:12-31. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.05.002. Epub 2014 May 23.
Data from epidemiological, cross-sectional, and neuroimaging research show a relationship between higher levels of exercise and reduced risk of cognitive decline but evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is less consistent. This review examines the impact of aerobic exercise, resistance training, and Tai Chi on the cognitive function of older adults without known cognitive impairment. We investigate explanations for inconsistent results across trials and discrepancies between evidence from RCTs and other research data. Twenty-five RCTs were included in the review. Meta-analysis results revealed significant improvements for resistance training compared to stretching/toning on measures of reasoning (p<0.005); and for Tai Chi compared to 'no exercise' controls on measures of attention (p<0.001) and processing speed (p<0.00001). There were no significant differences between exercise and controls on any of the remaining 26 comparisons. Results should be interpreted with caution however as differences in participant profiles, study design, exercise programmes, adherence rates, and outcome measures contribute to both discrepancies within the exercise research literature and inconsistent results across trials.
流行病学、横断面和神经影像学研究的数据表明，较高水平的运动与认知能力下降风险降低之间存在关联，但随机对照试验 (RCT) 的证据并不一致。本综述考察了有氧运动、抗阻训练和太极拳对无认知障碍的老年人认知功能的影响。我们调查了试验结果不一致和 RCT 证据与其他研究数据之间差异的原因。本综述纳入了 25 项 RCT。荟萃分析结果显示，与拉伸/放松相比，抗阻训练在推理测量上（p<0.005），以及在注意力（p<0.001）和处理速度（p<0.00001）测量上，与“无运动”对照组相比，有显著改善。在其余 26 项比较中，运动组与对照组之间没有显著差异。然而，由于参与者特征、研究设计、运动方案、依从率和结果测量的差异，结果应谨慎解释，这既导致了运动研究文献内的差异，也导致了试验结果的不一致。
