Marquez Becky, Murillo Rosenda
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017 Jun;117(6):923-928. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.01.025. Epub 2017 Mar 15.
Dieting, exercising, and seeking professional help have been associated with intentional weight loss among adults.
This study examined the use of diet (eg, ate less, ate less fat, or switched to low-calorie foods), exercise, diet and exercise, and professional help (eg, weight-loss program or prescribed diet pills) for weight loss among non-Hispanic whites, Mexican Americans, and non-Hispanic blacks.
Cross-sectional data from the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used.
Males and females (n=9,046) aged 20 to 65 years were included.
The weight history questionnaire assessed weight-loss attempts and use of weight-loss strategies in the past year.
Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate associations of race/ethnicity with strategies to lose weight. Models controlled for age, sex, education, and body mass index. In fully adjusted models, interactions of race/ethnicity by sex were tested.
Lower proportions of Mexican Americans (35%) and non-Hispanic blacks (35%) than non-Hispanic whites (39%) reported trying to lose weight. Among those who tried to lose weight, non-Hispanic blacks were less likely than non-Hispanic whites to use diet (odds ratio [OR] 0.78, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.90) or exercise (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.99) for weight loss. Mexican Americans (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.95) and non-Hispanic blacks (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.95) were also less likely than non-Hispanic whites to use professional help for weight loss. The relationships between race/ethnicity and weight-loss strategy were stronger for females than males.
Targeted efforts are needed to address racial/ethnic disparities in weight-loss attempts and use of recommended strategies especially among females.
节食、锻炼和寻求专业帮助与成年人的有意减肥有关。
本研究调查了非西班牙裔白人、墨西哥裔美国人和非西班牙裔黑人在减肥时采用节食（如少吃、少吃脂肪或改用低热量食物）、锻炼、节食与锻炼以及专业帮助（如减肥计划或处方减肥药）的情况。
使用了2007 - 2012年国家健康和营养检查调查的横断面数据。
纳入了年龄在20至65岁的男性和女性（n = 9046）。
体重历史问卷评估了过去一年中的减肥尝试和减肥策略的使用情况。
多元逻辑回归模型用于估计种族/族裔与减肥策略之间的关联。模型对年龄、性别、教育程度和体重指数进行了控制。在完全调整的模型中，对按性别划分的种族/族裔交互作用进行了检验。
报告试图减肥的墨西哥裔美国人（35%）和非西班牙裔黑人（35%）的比例低于非西班牙裔白人（39%）。在那些试图减肥的人中，非西班牙裔黑人比非西班牙裔白人使用节食（优势比[OR]0.78，95%可信区间0.67至0.90）或锻炼（OR 0.83，95%可信区间0.70至0.99）来减肥的可能性更小。墨西哥裔美国人（OR 0.71，95%可信区间0.53至0.95）和非西班牙裔黑人（OR 0.71，95%可信区间0.52至0.95）使用专业帮助来减肥的可能性也低于非西班牙裔白人。种族/族裔与减肥策略之间的关系在女性中比在男性中更强。
需要有针对性地努力解决减肥尝试和推荐策略使用方面的种族/族裔差异，尤其是在女性中。
