Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Independence Square II, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
Department of Health Studies, University of Rhode Island, Independence Square II, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Nov 29;16(23):4803. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16234803.
There are well-known disparities in the prevalence of obesity across racial-ethnic groups, although the behavioral and psychological factors driving these disparities are less well understood. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (1) to examine differences in dietary quality by race/ethnicity and weight-related variables [body mass index (BMI), weight loss attempt, and weight dissatisfaction] and physical activity (PA) using the Health Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015); and (2) to investigate the interactions and independent associations of race/ethnicity, weight-related variables and PA on dietary quality. Data for adolescents aged 12-19 years ( = 3373) were abstracted from the 2007-2014 National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey and analyzed using multiple PROC SURVEYREG, adjusting for demographics and accounting for complex sampling. Analyses determined that Hispanic males had better overall HEI-2015 scores than non-Hispanic whites (48.4 ± 0.5 vs. 45.7 ± 0.6, = 0.003) or blacks (48.4 ± 0.5 vs. 45.5 ± 0.5, < 0.001). Hispanic females also had better dietary quality than non-Hispanic whites (50.2 ± 0.4 vs. 47.5 ± 0.5, < 0.001) and blacks (50.2 ± 0.4 vs. 47.1 ± 0.5, < 0.001). Meeting the PA recommendation modified racial/ethnic differences in dietary quality for females ( = 0.011) and this was primarily driven by the associations among non-Hispanic white females (ΔR = 2.6%, = 0.0004). The study identified racial/ethnic and gender differences among adolescents in factors that may promote obesity. Results may be useful for obesity prevention efforts designed to reduce health disparities in adolescents.
不同种族群体的肥胖患病率存在明显差异，尽管导致这些差异的行为和心理因素还不太清楚。因此，本研究的目的是：（1）使用健康饮食指数-2015（HEI-2015），检查不同种族/民族和与体重相关的变量（体重指数（BMI）、减肥尝试和体重不满）和身体活动（PA）对饮食质量的差异；（2）研究种族/民族、与体重相关的变量和 PA 对饮食质量的交互作用和独立关联。从 2007-2014 年全国健康和营养调查中提取了 12-19 岁青少年的数据（n=3373），并使用多个 PROC SURVEYREG 进行分析，调整了人口统计学因素，并考虑了复杂的抽样。分析结果表明，西班牙裔男性的总体 HEI-2015 评分高于非西班牙裔白人（48.4±0.5 比 45.7±0.6， = 0.003）或黑人（48.4±0.5 比 45.5±0.5， < 0.001）。西班牙裔女性的饮食质量也优于非西班牙裔白人（50.2±0.4 比 47.5±0.5， < 0.001）和黑人（50.2±0.4 比 47.1±0.5， < 0.001）。达到 PA 推荐量可以改变女性的种族/民族饮食质量差异（ = 0.011），这主要是由非西班牙裔白人女性之间的关联驱动的（ΔR=2.6%， = 0.0004）。该研究确定了青少年中与肥胖相关的种族/民族和性别差异。结果可能有助于为减少青少年健康差异而设计的肥胖预防工作。
