Oliveira Guilherme de, Bourscheidt Deise Maria
Department of Economics and International Relations, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
Colegiado de Economia, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Campus da Federal University of Fronteira Sul, BR 285, KM 405, Laranjeiras do Sul, PR, 85301-970, Brazil.
J Environ Manage. 2017 Jul 1;196:402-410. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.034. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
This paper uses the World Input-Output Database (WIOD) to test the hypothesis of per capita convergence in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for a multi-sectorial panel of countries. The empirical strategy applies conventional estimators of random and fixed effects and Arellano and Bond's (1991) GMM to the main pollutants related to the greenhouse effect. For reasonable empirical specifications, the model revealed robust evidence of per capita convergence in CH emissions in the agriculture, food, and services sectors. The evidence of convergence in CO emissions was moderate in the following sectors: agriculture, food, non-durable goods manufacturing, and services. In all cases, the time for convergence was less than 15 years. Regarding emissions by energy use, the largest source of global warming, there was only moderate evidence in the extractive industry sector-all other pollutants presented little or no evidence.
本文使用世界投入产出数据库(WIOD)来检验一个多国多部门面板的温室气体(GHG)排放人均趋同假说。实证策略将随机效应和固定效应的传统估计方法以及阿雷拉诺和邦德(1991)的广义矩方法(GMM)应用于与温室效应相关的主要污染物。对于合理的实证设定,该模型揭示了农业、食品和服务业CH排放人均趋同的有力证据。CO排放在以下部门的趋同证据适中:农业、食品、非耐用品制造业和服务业。在所有情况下,趋同时间均不到15年。关于能源使用(全球变暖的最大来源)的排放,在采掘业部门只有适度证据,而所有其他污染物几乎没有或没有证据。