Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Dec;25(35):35404-35419. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3457-1. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
Ecological footprint has been widely accepted as an indicator of environmental performance in recent years since it considers carbon dioxide emissions, the collapse of fisheries, the change in land use, and deforestation. This paper investigates, if exists, the convergence in per capita ecological footprint among G20 countries by employing the annual data for the period 1961 to 2014. A bootstrap-based panel KPSS test with structural breaks and club convergence test are carried out. Eventually, this paper is expected to contribute to the literature of natural resources and ecology/environment by (1) monitoring the panel variable of ecological footprint, (2) launching stochastic and deterministic convergence analyses, and (3) estimating the club convergence parameters. In conclusion, the confirmative results in favor of environmental convergence are obtained by exhibiting the stochastic and deterministic convergences and deriving the output of merging clubs.
近年来，生态足迹作为一种环境绩效的指标得到了广泛的认可，因为它考虑了二氧化碳排放、渔业崩溃、土地利用变化和森林砍伐。本文通过使用 1961 年至 2014 年的年度数据，调查了 G20 国家人均生态足迹是否存在趋同。本文进行了基于 bootstrap 的面板 KPSS 检验，包括结构断点和俱乐部趋同检验。最终，本文有望通过（1）监测生态足迹的面板变量，（2）开展随机和确定性趋同分析，（3）估计俱乐部趋同参数，为自然资源和生态学/环境文献做出贡献。总之，通过展示随机和确定性趋同以及得出合并俱乐部的结果，本文得出了有利于环境趋同的肯定结果。
