School of Economics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India.
Department of Liberal Arts, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 502285, India.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Apr;26(11):11074-11086. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04573-9. Epub 2019 Feb 21.
This study aims to examine the convergence hypothesis of per capita carbon dioxide emission and its component such as coal, oil, and gas in the case of 53 countries covering the period of 1980 to 2016. In particular, we study whether countries are moving toward a common steady-state equilibrium condition in the per capita carbon emission or converging into different groups. To do so, this study used Phillips and Sul (Econometrica 75(6): 1771-1855, 2007, J Appl Econ 24(7): 1153-1185, 2009) technique. Our results show no evidence of convergence for full sample. However, our results support the evidence of two club convergence of total emission, emission from gas and petroleum consumption, while three clubs are noticed in case of per capita carbon dioxide emission from coal use. This invalidates the equality rule of participation of each country in climate change policy. Further, similar results emerge in case of total emission and petroleum where club 1 consists of mostly developed countries while club 2 has a large number of developing countries. Interestingly, we do not find any divergence behavior across all countries in the sample. We find that natural gas is the major component to drive the total carbon emission convergence in case of our sample countries.
本研究旨在检验 1980 年至 2016 年间 53 个国家人均二氧化碳排放及其组成部分（如煤炭、石油和天然气）的趋同假说。特别是，我们研究了各国是否正在朝着人均碳排放的共同稳定均衡状态发展，还是趋同于不同的群体。为此，本研究使用了 Phillips 和 Sul（Econometrica 75(6)：1771-1855，2007，J Appl Econ 24(7)：1153-1185，2009）技术。我们的结果表明，对于整个样本，没有趋同的证据。然而，我们的结果支持总排放量、天然气和石油消费排放存在两俱乐部趋同的证据，而在煤炭使用产生的人均二氧化碳排放方面，则注意到了三个俱乐部。这否定了每个国家参与气候变化政策的平等规则。此外，在总排放量和石油方面也出现了类似的结果，其中俱乐部 1 主要由发达国家组成，而俱乐部 2 则有大量发展中国家。有趣的是，我们在样本中的所有国家都没有发现任何发散行为。我们发现，在我们的样本国家中，天然气是推动总碳排放量趋同的主要因素。
