Kariuki Samuel Mundia, Selhorst Philippe, Ariën Kevin K, Dorfman Jeffrey R
Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Falmouth 3.25, University of Cape Town, Anzio Rd, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa.
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa.
Retrovirology. 2017 Mar 23;14(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s12977-017-0343-8.
It is well established that most new systemic infections of HIV-1 can be traced back to one or a limited number of founder viruses. Usually, these founders are more closely related to minor HIV-1 populations in the blood of the presumed donor than to more abundant lineages. This has led to the widely accepted idea that transmission selects for viral characteristics that facilitate crossing the mucosal barrier of the recipient's genital tract, although the specific selective forces or advantages are not completely defined. However, there are other steps along the way to becoming a founder virus at which selection may occur. These steps include the transition from the donor's general circulation to the genital tract compartment, survival within the transmission fluid, and establishment of a nascent stable local infection in the recipient's genital tract. Finally, there is the possibility that important narrowing events may also occur during establishment of systemic infection. This is suggested by the surprising observation that the number of founder viruses detected after transmission in intravenous drug users is also limited. Although some of these steps may be heavily selective, others may result mostly in a stochastic narrowing of the available founder pool. Collectively, they shape the initial infection in each recipient.
众所周知，大多数新的HIV-1全身感染都可以追溯到一种或少数几种奠基病毒。通常，这些奠基病毒与假定供体血液中的少数HIV-1群体的关系比与更丰富的谱系更为密切。这导致了一个被广泛接受的观点，即传播会选择有利于跨越受体生殖道黏膜屏障的病毒特征，尽管具体的选择力或优势尚未完全明确。然而，在成为奠基病毒的过程中还有其他可能发生选择的步骤。这些步骤包括从供体的体循环过渡到生殖道腔室、在传播液中存活以及在受体的生殖道中建立新出现的稳定局部感染。最后，在全身感染建立过程中也有可能发生重要的瓶颈事件。静脉吸毒者传播后检测到的奠基病毒数量有限这一惊人观察结果表明了这一点。尽管这些步骤中的一些可能具有很强的选择性，但其他步骤可能主要导致可用奠基病毒库的随机缩小。它们共同塑造了每个受体的初始感染情况。
