Taddeo Mariarosaria
Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2016 Dec 28;374(2083). doi: 10.1098/rsta.2016.0113.
In mature information societies, sharing data is increasingly recognized as a crucial means to foster their development. However, competing tensions on data control and ownership, limited technical understanding, and the lack of an adequate governance framework pose serious challenges to attempts to share data among different actors. Data philanthropy, understood as the donation of data from both individuals and private companies, has been proposed as means to meet these challenges. While at first sight data philanthropy may seem an uncontroversial phenomenon, a closer analysis reveals a bewildering network of problems. In this article, I analyse the role of data philanthropy in contemporary societies and the moral problems that it yields. I argue that the solution to these problems rests on the understanding of the nature of data philanthropy and on the design of an ethical framework encompassing the infraethics and the ethics. This is a framework able to address the changes brought about by the information revolution and to harness the opportunities that these pose for the prosperity of current and future information societies.This article is part of the themed issue 'The ethical impact of data science'.
在成熟的信息社会中，共享数据日益被视为促进其发展的关键手段。然而，在数据控制和所有权方面相互竞争的紧张关系、有限的技术理解以及缺乏适当的治理框架，给不同行为主体之间共享数据的尝试带来了严峻挑战。数据慈善，即个人和私人公司的数据捐赠，已被提议作为应对这些挑战的一种方式。乍一看，数据慈善似乎是一个无可争议的现象，但仔细分析会发现一系列令人困惑的问题。在本文中，我分析了数据慈善在当代社会中的作用以及它所产生的道德问题。我认为，解决这些问题的关键在于理解数据慈善的本质，并设计一个涵盖基础伦理和应用伦理的道德框架。这是一个能够应对信息革命带来的变化，并利用这些变化为当前和未来信息社会的繁荣创造机遇的框架。本文是主题为“数据科学的伦理影响”的特刊的一部分。
