Gorter de Vries Arthur R, Pronk Jack T, Daran Jean-Marc G
Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2017 May 17;83(11). doi: 10.1128/AEM.03206-16. Print 2017 Jun 1.
Chromosomal copy number variation (CCNV) plays a key role in evolution and health of eukaryotes. The unicellular yeast is an important model for studying the generation, physiological impact, and evolutionary significance of CCNV. Fundamental studies of this yeast have contributed to an extensive set of methods for analyzing and introducing CCNV. Moreover, these studies provided insight into the balance between negative and positive impacts of CCNV in evolutionary contexts. A growing body of evidence indicates that CCNV not only frequently occurs in industrial strains of yeasts but also is a key contributor to the diversity of industrially relevant traits. This notion is further supported by the frequent involvement of CCNV in industrially relevant traits acquired during evolutionary engineering. This review describes recent developments in genome sequencing and genome editing techniques and discusses how these offer opportunities to unravel contributions of CCNV in industrial s strains as well as to rationally engineer yeast chromosomal copy numbers and karyotypes.
染色体拷贝数变异（CCNV）在真核生物的进化和健康中起着关键作用。单细胞酵母是研究CCNV的产生、生理影响和进化意义的重要模型。对这种酵母的基础研究促成了一系列用于分析和引入CCNV的方法。此外，这些研究深入了解了CCNV在进化背景下正负影响之间的平衡。越来越多的证据表明，CCNV不仅频繁出现在酵母的工业菌株中，而且是工业相关性状多样性的关键贡献因素。CCNV频繁参与进化工程过程中获得的工业相关性状，这一观点得到了进一步支持。本综述描述了基因组测序和基因组编辑技术的最新进展，并讨论了这些技术如何为揭示CCNV在工业菌株中的作用以及合理设计酵母染色体拷贝数和核型提供机会。
