Underwood Charles J, Henderson Ian R, Martienssen Robert A
Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA; Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Department of Plant Sciences, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2017 Apr;36:135-141. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.03.002. Epub 2017 Mar 23.
Transposable elements are mobile genetic elements that are prevalent in plant genomes and are silenced by epigenetic modification. Different epigenetic modification pathways play distinct roles in the control of transposable element transcription, replication and recombination. The Arabidopsis genome contains families of all of the major transposable element classes, which are differentially enriched in particular genomic regions. Whole genome sequencing and DNA methylation profiling of hundreds of natural Arabidopsis accessions has revealed that transposable elements exhibit significant intraspecific genetic and epigenetic variation, and that genetic variation often underlies epigenetic variation. Together, epigenetic modification and the forces of selection define the scope within which transposable elements can contribute to, and control, genome evolution.
转座元件是在植物基因组中普遍存在的可移动遗传元件，并通过表观遗传修饰而沉默。不同的表观遗传修饰途径在转座元件转录、复制和重组的控制中发挥着不同的作用。拟南芥基因组包含所有主要转座元件类别的家族，这些家族在特定基因组区域中差异富集。对数百个天然拟南芥种质进行全基因组测序和DNA甲基化分析表明，转座元件表现出显著的种内遗传和表观遗传变异，并且遗传变异往往是表观遗传变异的基础。表观遗传修饰和选择力共同定义了转座元件能够促进和控制基因组进化的范围。
