Xu Tonghui, Wang Shaofang, Lalchandani Rupa R, Ding Jun B
Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics-Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Ministry of Education (MoE) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
Mov Disord. 2017 Apr;32(4):487-497. doi: 10.1002/mds.26938. Epub 2017 Mar 25.
In Parkinson's disease (PD), dopamine depletion causes major changes in the brain, resulting in the typical cardinal motor features of the disease. PD neuropathology has been restricted to postmortem examinations, which are limited to only a single time of PD progression. Models of PD in which dopamine tone in the brain is chemically or physically disrupted are valuable tools in understanding the mechanisms of the disease. The basal ganglia have been well studied in the context of PD, and circuit changes in response to dopamine loss have been linked to the motor dysfunctions in PD. However, the etiology of the cognitive dysfunctions that are comorbid in PD patients has remained unclear until now. In this article, we review recent studies exploring how dopamine depletion affects the motor cortex at the synaptic level. In particular, we highlight our recent findings on abnormal spine dynamics in the motor cortex of PD mouse models through in vivo time-lapse imaging and motor skill behavior assays. In combination with previous studies, a role of the motor cortex in skill learning and the impairment of this ability with the loss of dopamine are becoming more apparent. Taken together, we conclude with a discussion on the potential role for the motor cortex in PD, with the possibility of targeting the motor cortex for future PD therapeutics. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
在帕金森病（PD）中，多巴胺耗竭会导致大脑发生重大变化，从而产生该疾病典型的主要运动特征。PD神经病理学一直局限于尸检，而尸检仅局限于PD进展的某一个时间点。大脑中多巴胺水平通过化学或物理方式被破坏的PD模型，是理解该疾病机制的宝贵工具。在PD背景下，基底神经节已得到充分研究，对多巴胺丧失的反应所导致的神经回路变化已被认为与PD的运动功能障碍有关。然而，直到现在，PD患者合并存在的认知功能障碍的病因仍不清楚。在本文中，我们综述了最近探索多巴胺耗竭如何在突触水平影响运动皮层的研究。特别是，我们通过体内延时成像和运动技能行为分析，重点介绍了我们最近在PD小鼠模型运动皮层中关于异常树突棘动态变化的发现。结合先前的研究，运动皮层在技能学习中的作用以及多巴胺丧失对这种能力的损害正变得越来越明显。综上所述，我们最后讨论了运动皮层在PD中的潜在作用，以及未来针对运动皮层进行PD治疗的可能性。© 2017国际帕金森和运动障碍协会。
