Wang Li, Wu Min, Liu Hua-Min, Ma Yu-Xiang, Wang Xue-De, Qin Guang-Yong
College of Physics Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
Province Key Laboratory of Transformation and Utilization of Cereal Resource, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, China.
Molecules. 2017 Mar 25;22(4):528. doi: 10.3390/molecules22040528.
Chinese quince seed (CQS) is an underutilized oil source and a potential source of unsaturated fatty acids and α-tocopherol-rich oil. Subcritical fluid (SCF) extraction is executed at lower pressures and temperatures than the pressures and temperatures used in supercritical fluid extraction. However, no studies on the SCF extraction of CQS oil are reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of SCF for the extraction of CQS oil and to compare the use of SCF with the classical Soxhlet (CS) and supercritical CO₂ (SC-CO₂) extraction methods. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the extraction conditions: temperature (45-65 °C), time (30-50 min), and solvent/solid ratio (5-15 mL/g). The optimization results showed that the highest yield (27.78%) was obtained at 56.18 °C, 40.20 min, and 12.57 mL/g. The oil extracted by SCF had a higher unsaturated fatty acid content (86.37%-86.75%), higher α-tocopherol content (576.0-847.6 mg/kg), lower acid value (3.97 mg/g), and lower peroxide value (0.02 meq O₂/kg) than extractions using CS and SC-CO methods. The SCF-defatted meal of oilseed exhibited the highest nitrogen solubility index (49.64%) and protein dispersibility index (50.80%), demonstrating that SCF extraction was a promising and efficient technique as an alternative to CS and SC-CO methods, as very mild operating conditions and an eco-friendly solvent can be used in the process with maximum preservation of the quality of the meal.
木瓜籽是一种未得到充分利用的油源，也是不饱和脂肪酸和富含α-生育酚的油的潜在来源。亚临界流体（SCF）萃取是在低于超临界流体萃取所用的压力和温度下进行的。然而，目前尚无关于SCF萃取木瓜籽油的研究报道。因此，本研究的目的是评估SCF用于萃取木瓜籽油的效果，并将SCF的使用与传统索氏提取法（CS）和超临界CO₂（SC-CO₂）萃取法进行比较。采用响应面法（RSM）研究萃取条件：温度（45-65℃）、时间（30-50分钟）和溶剂/固体比（每克5-15毫升）。优化结果表明，在56.18℃、40.20分钟和12.57毫升/克的条件下可获得最高产率（27.78%）。与使用CS和SC-CO₂方法萃取的油相比，SCF萃取的油具有更高的不饱和脂肪酸含量（86.37%-86.75%）、更高的α-生育酚含量（576.0-847.6毫克/千克）、更低的酸值（3.97毫克/克）和更低的过氧化值（0.02毫当量O₂/千克）。油籽的SCF脱脂粕表现出最高的氮溶解度指数（49.64%）和蛋白质分散指数（50.80%），这表明SCF萃取作为CS和SC-CO₂方法的替代方法是一种有前景且高效的技术，因为在该过程中可以使用非常温和的操作条件和环保型溶剂，同时最大限度地保留粕的质量。
