Fabrice Elegbede Chabi, Papadopoulos Alexandra, Kolbaum Anna Elena, Turrini Aida, Mistura Lorenza, Lindtner Oliver, Sirot Véronique
Risk Assessment Department (DER), French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
Department Exposure, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, D-10589 Berlin, Germany.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2017 Jul;105:119-126. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.03.045. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
Seasonality is a key issue of total diet studies (TDS), as season may impact consumption patterns and concentrations of food chemicals, then exposure levels. This work aimed at analyzing the impact on dietary exposure of different options of seasonality management, to propose guidelines for TDS sampling. Dietary exposure to nine chemicals was assessed for adults and children from the second French Individual and National Food Consumption Survey: arsenic, copper, manganese, dioxins, furans, dioxin-like and non dioxin-like PCBs, deoxinivalenol and ochratoxin A. Seasonality was considered either in both consumption and concentration data, consumption data only, or concentration data only. Results showed significant differences between exposures during different seasons. For most chemicals, the difference between seasonal exposures may not be mainly driven by seasonality of consumption, but partly by seasonality of concentration. Results on risk assessment remained generally the same. If the main objective of the TDS is the risk assessment, considering season for sampling could be costly but with a low added value in terms of results. For exposure refinement, season has to be considered in the sampling design. More particularly, seasonal samples should be kept separately for chemicals with expected seasonal variation in concentrations, such as some metals or mycotoxins.
季节性是总膳食研究（TDS）的一个关键问题，因为季节可能会影响食物消费模式、食品化学物质的浓度，进而影响暴露水平。这项工作旨在分析不同季节性管理方案对膳食暴露的影响，以提出TDS采样的指导方针。通过法国第二次个人和国家食品消费调查，评估了成年人和儿童对九种化学物质的膳食暴露情况：砷、铜、锰、二噁英、呋喃、二噁英类和非二噁英类多氯联苯、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和赭曲霉毒素A。在消费数据和浓度数据两者、仅消费数据或仅浓度数据中考虑季节性。结果显示不同季节的暴露情况存在显著差异。对于大多数化学物质而言，季节性暴露之间的差异可能并非主要由消费的季节性驱动，而是部分由浓度的季节性驱动。风险评估结果总体上保持不变。如果TDS的主要目标是风险评估，考虑采样季节可能成本高昂，但在结果方面附加值较低。为了细化暴露情况，在采样设计中必须考虑季节因素。更具体地说，对于浓度预计会有季节性变化的化学物质，如某些金属或霉菌毒素，应将季节性样本分开保存。
