Sokołowski Andrzej, Dragan Wojciech Ł
The Interdisciplinary Centre for Behavioural Genetics Research, Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw Warsaw, Poland.
Front Psychol. 2017 Mar 13;8:365. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00365. eCollection 2017.
The Early Life Stress Questionnaire (ELSQ) is widely used to estimate the prevalence of negative events during childhood, including emotional, physical, verbal, sexual abuse, negligence, severe conflicts, separation, parental divorce, substance abuse, poverty, and so forth. This study presents the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the ELSQ. It also verifies if early life stress (ELS) is a good predictor of psychopathology symptoms during adulthood. We analyzed data from two samples. Sample 1 was selected by random quota method from across the country and included 609 participants aged 18-50 years, 306 women (50.2%) and 303 men (49.8%). Sample 2 contained 503 young adults (253 women and 250 men) aged 18-25. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses were used to measure ELSQ internal consistency. The validity was based on the relation to psychopathological symptoms and substance misuse. Results showed good internal consistency and validity. Exploratory factor analysis indicates a six-factor structure of the ELSQ. ELS was related to psychopathology in adulthood, including depressive, sociophobic, vegetative as well as pain symptoms. ELSQ score correlated also with alcohol use, but not nicotine dependence. Moreover, ELS was correlated with stress in adulthood. The findings indicate that the Polish version of the ELSQ is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing ELS in the Polish population and may be applied in both clinical and community samples.
早期生活应激问卷（ELSQ）被广泛用于评估儿童期负面事件的发生率，包括情感虐待、身体虐待、言语虐待、性虐待、疏忽、严重冲突、分离、父母离异、药物滥用、贫困等等。本研究展示了ELSQ波兰语改编版的心理测量特性。它还验证了早期生活应激（ELS）是否是成年期精神病理学症状的良好预测指标。我们分析了来自两个样本的数据。样本1通过随机配额法从全国范围内选取，包括609名年龄在18至50岁之间的参与者，其中306名女性（50.2%）和303名男性（49.8%）。样本2包含503名年龄在18至25岁之间的年轻人（253名女性和250名男性）。采用验证性和探索性因素分析来测量ELSQ的内部一致性。效度基于与精神病理症状和药物滥用的关系。结果显示出良好的内部一致性和效度。探索性因素分析表明ELSQ具有六因素结构。ELS与成年期的精神病理学相关，包括抑郁、社交恐惧、植物神经症状以及疼痛症状。ELSQ得分也与饮酒相关，但与尼古丁依赖无关。此外，ELS与成年期的应激相关。研究结果表明，ELSQ波兰语版是评估波兰人群中ELS的有效且可靠的工具，可应用于临床和社区样本。
