Pott Johanna, Stockinger Silvia
Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK.
Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine , Vienna , Austria.
Front Immunol. 2017 Mar 14;8:258. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00258. eCollection 2017.
The intestinal mucosa forms an active interface to the outside word, facilitating nutrient and water uptake and at the same time acts as a barrier toward the highly colonized intestinal lumen. A tight balance of the mucosal immune system is essential to tolerate harmless antigens derived from food or commensals and to effectively defend against potentially dangerous pathogens. Interferons (IFN) provide a first line of host defense when cells detect an invading organism. Whereas type I IFN were discovered almost 60 years ago, type III IFN were only identified in the early 2000s. It was initially thought that type I IFN and type III IFN performed largely redundant functions. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that type III IFN exert distinct and non-redundant functions compared to type I IFN, especially in mucosal tissues. Here, we review recent progress made in unraveling the role of type I/III IFN in intestinal mucosal tissue in the steady state, in response to mucosal pathogens and during inflammation.
肠黏膜形成了与外界的活跃界面，促进营养物质和水分的吸收，同时作为对高度定植的肠腔的屏障。黏膜免疫系统的紧密平衡对于耐受源自食物或共生菌的无害抗原以及有效抵御潜在危险的病原体至关重要。当细胞检测到入侵生物体时，干扰素（IFN）提供了宿主防御的第一道防线。I型干扰素在近60年前就已被发现，而III型干扰素直到21世纪初才被鉴定出来。最初人们认为I型干扰素和III型干扰素发挥着基本冗余的功能。然而，越来越清楚的是，与I型干扰素相比，III型干扰素发挥着独特且非冗余的功能，尤其是在黏膜组织中。在此，我们综述了在揭示I/III型干扰素在稳态、对黏膜病原体的反应以及炎症期间在肠黏膜组织中的作用方面取得的最新进展。
