Centre for Water Resources Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2018 Nov;25(33):32881-32893. doi: 10.1007/s11356-017-8816-9. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
Wastewater stabilization ponds (WSPs) are commonly used to treat municipal wastewater in Arctic Canada. The biological treatment in the WSPs is strongly influenced by climatic conditions. Currently, there is limited information about the removal of fecal and pathogenic bacteria during the short cool summer treatment season. With relevance to public health, the objectives of this paper were to determine if treatment in arctic WSPs resulted in the disinfection (i.e., removal of fecal indicator bacteria, Escherichia coli) and removal of selected human bacterial pathogens from the treated effluent. The treatment performance, with focus on microbial removal, was assessed for the one-cell WSP in Pond Inlet (Nunavut [NU]) and two-cell WSP in Clyde River (NU) over three consecutive (2012-2014) summer treatment seasons (late June-early September). The WSPs provided a primary disinfection treatment of the wastewater with a 2-3 Log removal of generic indicator E. coli. The bacterial pathogens Salmonella spp., pathogenic E. coli, and Listeria monocytogenes, but not Campylobacter spp. and Helicobacter pylori, were detected in the untreated and treated wastewater, indicating that human pathogens were not reliably removed. Seasonal and annual variations in temperature significantly (p < 0.05) affected the disinfection efficiency. Improved disinfection and pathogen removal was observed for the two-cell system in Clyde River as compared to the one-cell system in Pond Inlet. A quantitative microbial risk assessment should be performed to determine if the release of low levels of human pathogens into the arctic environment poses a human health risk.
污水处理稳定塘（WSP）常用于处理加拿大北极地区的城市废水。WSP 中的生物处理受气候条件的强烈影响。目前，有关在短暂凉爽的夏季处理季节中去除粪便和致病菌的信息有限。与公共卫生相关，本文的目的是确定北极 WSP 处理是否会导致消毒（即去除粪便指示菌，大肠杆菌）以及从处理后的废水中去除选定的人类细菌病原体。评估了因纽特（努纳武特[NU]）的 Pond Inlet 单池 WSP 和 Clyde River（NU）的双池 WSP 在三个连续（2012-2014）夏季处理季节（6 月下旬至 9 月初）中的处理性能，重点是微生物去除。WSP 对废水进行了初步消毒处理，通用指示菌大肠杆菌的去除率为 2-3 Log。未经处理和处理的废水中均检测到沙门氏菌、致病性大肠杆菌和李斯特菌，但未检测到弯曲杆菌和幽门螺杆菌，表明人类病原体未被可靠去除。温度的季节性和年度变化显着（p <0.05）影响了消毒效率。与 Pond Inlet 的单池系统相比，Clyde River 的双池系统观察到消毒和病原体去除效果有所改善。应进行定量微生物风险评估，以确定将低水平的人类病原体释放到北极环境中是否会对人类健康构成风险。
