Port Alexander D, Orlin Anton, Kiss Szilard, Patel Sarju, D'Amico Donald J, Gupta Mrinali P
Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York-Presbyterian Hospital , New York, New York.
J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2017 May;33(4):224-234. doi: 10.1089/jop.2016.0140. Epub 2017 Mar 29.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous DNA herpes virus that causes significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals. CMV retinitis is a potentially blinding manifestation of CMV infection that was commonly seen in advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the era before modern combination antiretroviral therapy era, but is also recognized in patients with immune deficiency from multiple causes. The advent of and advances in antiretroviral therapies for human immunodeficiency virus have decreased the incidence of CMV retinitis by over 90% among AIDS patients, and improved visual outcomes in those affected. The diagnosis is generally a clinical one, and treatment modalities include systemic and intravitreal antiviral medications. Retinal detachment and immune recovery uveitis are sight-threatening complications of CMV retinitis that require specific treatments.
巨细胞病毒（CMV）是一种普遍存在的DNA疱疹病毒，可导致免疫功能低下个体出现严重的发病和死亡情况。CMV视网膜炎是CMV感染的一种潜在致盲表现，在现代联合抗逆转录病毒治疗时代之前的晚期获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）中很常见，但在多种原因导致免疫缺陷的患者中也有发现。针对人类免疫缺陷病毒的抗逆转录病毒疗法的出现和进展，使AIDS患者中CMV视网膜炎的发病率降低了90%以上，并改善了受影响患者的视力结果。诊断通常是临床诊断，治疗方式包括全身和玻璃体内抗病毒药物。视网膜脱离和免疫恢复性葡萄膜炎是CMV视网膜炎的威胁视力的并发症，需要进行特殊治疗。
