Verhulst F C, Achenbach T M
Sophia Children's Hospital Erasmus, University Rotterdam, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Netherlands.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1995 Apr;4(2):61-76. doi: 10.1007/BF01977734.
This paper provides an overview of empirically based assessment and taxonomy, as illustrated by cross-cultural research on psychopathology. The empirically based approach uses standardized assessment procedures to score behavioral and emotional problems from which syndromes are derived by multivariate analyses. Items and syndromes are scored quantitatively to reflect the degree to which individuals manifest them, as reported by particular informants. Although the approach to assessing problems and to constructing taxonomic groupings differs from the ICD/DSM approach, there are no inherent contradictions between either their models for disorders nor the criterial features used to define disorders. Cross-cultural comparisons have yielded relatively small differences in problem rates and syndrome structure, plus considerable similarity in associations of problems with sex and SES, as well as similar correlations between reports by different types of informants. Research on variations in problems in relation to culture, sex, age, SES, and type of informant can contribute to improving both the ICD/DSM and empirically based approaches and to a more effective synthesis between them.
本文概述了基于实证的评估和分类法，跨文化心理病理学研究对此进行了说明。基于实证的方法使用标准化评估程序对行为和情绪问题进行评分，通过多变量分析从中得出综合征。项目和综合征进行定量评分，以反映特定信息提供者报告的个体表现出这些问题和综合征的程度。尽管评估问题和构建分类分组的方法与国际疾病分类/精神疾病诊断与统计手册（ICD/DSM）的方法不同，但它们的疾病模型或用于定义疾病的标准特征之间并没有内在矛盾。跨文化比较在问题发生率和综合征结构方面产生的差异相对较小，在问题与性别和社会经济地位（SES）的关联方面有相当大的相似性，以及不同类型信息提供者的报告之间有相似的相关性。关于问题在文化、性别、年龄、社会经济地位和信息提供者类型方面的差异的研究，有助于改进ICD/DSM方法和基于实证的方法，并促进它们之间更有效的综合。
