Lyons Michael J, Panizzon Matthew S, Liu Weijian, McKenzie Ruth, Bluestone Noah J, Grant Michael D, Franz Carol E, Vuoksimaa Eero P, Toomey Rosemary, Jacobson Kristen C, Reynolds Chandra A, Kremen William S, Xian Hong
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences.
Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego.
Dev Psychol. 2017 Jun;53(6):1170-1177. doi: 10.1037/dev0000303. Epub 2017 Mar 30.
In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ∼20, ∼56, and ∼62 years. The correlations among the 3 occasions ranged from .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. The heritability was significant on each of the 3 occasions and ranged from .59 to .66. The influence of the shared environment was not significant at any of the ages. The genetic correlations across the 3 occasions ranged from .95 to .99 and did not differ significantly from 1.0. The nonshared environmental correlations ranged from .21 to .47. Latent growth curve analysis was applied to characterize trajectories over the 42-year period. Slope was significantly different from 0 and indicated that there was modest change over time. There was a significant genetic influence on initial level of GCA (h2 = .67), but not change (h2 = .23). Genetic factors primarily contribute to stability, while change reflects the influence of nonshared environmental influences. There was a significant negative correlation between initial level of GCA and change (r = -.31). Latent class growth analysis identified 4 trajectories. In general, the 4 groups followed parallel trajectories and were differentiated mainly by differences in AFQT performance level at the time of military induction. (PsycINFO Database Record
在这项纵向研究中，我们考察了一般认知能力（GCA）的稳定性，以及变化中个体差异背后的异质性、遗传和环境影响。我们在1288名越南战争时期双生子老龄化研究参与者中，对从青年期到中年后期的GCA进行了调查，这些参与者年龄分别约为20岁、56岁和62岁。三次测量之间的相关性在0.73至0.85之间，反映出较高的稳定性。三次测量时的遗传率均显著，范围在0.59至0.66之间。共享环境在任何年龄的影响均不显著。三次测量之间的遗传相关性在0.95至0.99之间，与1.0无显著差异。非共享环境相关性在0.21至0.47之间。应用潜在增长曲线分析来描述42年期间的轨迹。斜率显著不同于0，表明随时间有适度变化。GCA初始水平存在显著的遗传影响（h2 = 0.67），但变化方面不存在显著遗传影响（h2 = 0.23）。遗传因素主要导致稳定性，而变化反映了非共享环境影响的作用。GCA初始水平与变化之间存在显著负相关（r = -0.31）。潜在类别增长分析确定了4种轨迹。总体而言，这4组遵循平行轨迹，主要通过入伍时武装部队资格测验（AFQT）表现水平的差异来区分。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
