Institut national de la recherche scientifique (Centre Eau, Terre et Environnement), Université du Québec, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1 K 9A9, Canada.
Institut de recherche d'Hydro-Québec (IREQ), IREQ, 1800, boul. Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, QC, J3X 1S1, Canada.
J Hazard Mater. 2017 Jul 5;333:194-214. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.03.021. Epub 2017 Mar 12.
The contamination of soils by metals such as arsenic, chromium, copper and organic compounds such as pentachlorophenol (PCP) and dioxins and furans (PCDD/F) is a major problem in industrialized countries. Excavation followed by disposal in an appropriate landfilling is usually used site to manage these contaminated soils. Many researches have been conducted to develop physical, biological, thermal and chemical methods to allow the rehabilitation of contaminated sites. Thermal treatments including thermal desorption seemed to be the most appropriate methods, allowing the removal of more than 99.99% of organic contaminants but, they are ineffective for inorganic compounds. Biological treatments have been developed to remove inorganic and hydrophobic organic contaminants but their applications are limited to soils contaminated by easily biodegradable organic compounds. Among the physical technologies available, attrition is the most commonly used technique for the rehabilitation of soils contaminated by both organic and inorganic contaminants. Chemical processes using acids, bases, redox agents and surfactants seemed to be an interesting option to simultaneously extract organic and inorganic contaminants from soils. This paper will provide an overview of the recent developments in the field of decontamination technologies applicable for the removal of As, Cr, Cu, PCP and/or PCDD/F from contaminated soils.
金属（如砷、铬、铜）和有机化合物（如五氯苯酚（PCP）和二恶英和呋喃（PCDD/F））污染土壤是工业化国家的一个主要问题。通常采用挖掘后在合适的垃圾填埋场进行处置的方法来管理这些受污染的土壤。为了使受污染的场地得到修复，已经进行了许多研究来开发物理、生物、热和化学方法。热处理，包括热解吸，似乎是最适当的方法，可以去除超过 99.99%的有机污染物，但它们对无机化合物无效。已经开发了生物处理方法来去除无机和疏水性有机污染物，但它们的应用仅限于受易生物降解有机化合物污染的土壤。在现有的物理技术中，磨损是用于修复受有机和无机污染物污染的土壤的最常用技术。使用酸、碱、氧化还原试剂和表面活性剂的化学过程似乎是一种从土壤中同时提取有机和无机污染物的有趣选择。本文将综述适用于从污染土壤中去除 As、Cr、Cu、PCP 和/或 PCDD/F 的去污技术的最新发展。
