Li Shuping, Cheng Xuemei, Wang Changhong
Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China.
Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China; The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201210, China; The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Rood, Shanghai 201210, China; Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 199 Guoshoujing Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2017 May 5;203:127-162. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.03.049. Epub 2017 Mar 28.
The plants of the genus Peganum have a long history as a Chinese traditional medicine for the treatment of cough, hypertension, diabetes, asthma, jaundice, colic, lumbago, and many other human ailments. Additionally, the plants can be used as an amulet against evil-eye, dye and so on, which have become increasingly popular in Asia, Iran, Northwest India, and North Africa.
The present paper reviewed the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, analytical methods, biological activities, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, and drug interaction of the genus Peganum in order to assess the ethnopharmacological use and to explore therapeutic potentials and future opportunities for research.
Information on studies of the genus Peganum was gathered via the Internet (using Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Elsevier, ACS, Pudmed, Web of Science, CNKI and EMBASE) and libraries. Additionally, information was also obtained from some local books, PhD and MS's dissertations.
The genus Peganum has played an important role in traditional Chinese medicine. The main bioactive metabolites of the genus include alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile oils, etc. Scientific studies on extracts and formulations revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities, such as cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activities, antitumor, anti-hypertension, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, antiparasidal, anti-leishmaniasis, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory.
Based on this review, there is some evidence for extracts' pharmacological effects on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, cancer, diabetes, hypertension. Some indications from ethnomedicine have been confirmed by pharmacological effects, such as the cholinesterase, monoamine oxidase and DNA topoisomerase inhibitory activities, hypoglycemic and vasodilation effects of this genus. The available literature showed that most of the activities of the genus Peganum can be attributed to the active alkaloids. Data regarding many aspects of the genus such as mechanisms of actions, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, potential drug interactions with standard-of-care medications is still limited which call for additional studies particularly in humans. Further assessments and clinical trials should be performed before it can be integrated into medicinal practices.
骆驼蓬属植物作为一种治疗咳嗽、高血压、糖尿病、哮喘、黄疸、绞痛、腰痛及许多其他人类疾病的传统中药，有着悠久的历史。此外，这些植物还可用作辟邪的护身符、染料等，在亚洲、伊朗、印度西北部和北非越来越受欢迎。
本文综述了骆驼蓬属植物的民族药理学、植物化学、分析方法、生物活性、代谢、药代动力学、毒理学及药物相互作用，以评估其民族药理学用途，并探索其治疗潜力和未来的研究机会。
通过互联网（使用谷歌学术、百度学术、爱思唯尔、美国化学学会、PubMed、科学网、中国知网和EMBASE）及图书馆收集有关骆驼蓬属植物的研究信息。此外，还从一些地方书籍、博士和硕士论文中获取信息。
骆驼蓬属植物在传统中药中发挥了重要作用。该属植物的主要生物活性代谢产物包括生物碱、黄酮类化合物、挥发油等。对提取物和制剂的科学研究揭示了其广泛的药理活性，如胆碱酯酶和单胺氧化酶抑制活性、抗肿瘤、抗高血压、抗凝、抗糖尿病、抗菌、杀虫、抗寄生虫、抗利什曼病、抗氧化和抗炎作用。
基于本综述，有证据表明提取物对阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、癌症、糖尿病、高血压具有药理作用。民族医学的一些适应症已通过药理作用得到证实，如该属植物的胆碱酯酶、单胺氧化酶和DNA拓扑异构酶抑制活性、降血糖和血管舒张作用。现有文献表明，骆驼蓬属植物的大多数活性可归因于活性生物碱。关于该属植物许多方面的数据，如作用机制、代谢、药代动力学、毒理学、与标准治疗药物的潜在药物相互作用等仍然有限，这需要进行更多的研究，尤其是在人体中的研究。在将其纳入医学实践之前，应进行进一步的评估和临床试验。
