Li Bin-Yin, Wang Ying, Tang Hui-Dong, Chen Sheng-Di
Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Rui Jin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China.
Transl Neurodegener. 2017 Mar 28;6:7. doi: 10.1186/s40035-017-0078-4. eCollection 2017.
Cognitive decline poses a great concern to elderly people and their families. In addition to pharmacological therapies, several varieties of nonpharmacological intervention have been developed. Most training trials proved that a well-organized task is clinically effective in cognition improvement.
We will first review clinical trials of cognitive training for healthy elders, MCI and AD patients, respectively. Besides, potential neuroprotective and compensatory mechanisms in animal models of AD are discussed. Despite controversy, cognitive training has promising effect on cognitive ability. In animal model of AD, environmental enrichment showed beneficial effect for cognitive ability, as well as neuronal plasticity. Neurotrophin, neurotransmitter and neuromodulator signaling pathway were also involved in the process. Well-designed cognitive activity could benefit cognitive function, and thus life quality of patients and their families.
The positive effects of cognitive activity is closely related with neural plasticity, neurotrophin, neurotransmitter and neuromodulator signaling pathway changes.
认知能力下降引起老年人及其家人的极大关注。除药物治疗外，还开发了多种非药物干预措施。大多数训练试验证明，组织良好的任务在改善认知方面具有临床效果。
我们将首先分别回顾针对健康老年人、轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者和阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者的认知训练临床试验。此外，还讨论了AD动物模型中的潜在神经保护和代偿机制。尽管存在争议，但认知训练对认知能力具有显著效果。在AD动物模型中，环境富集对认知能力以及神经元可塑性均显示出有益作用。神经营养因子、神经递质和神经调质信号通路也参与了这一过程。精心设计的认知活动可改善认知功能，从而提高患者及其家人的生活质量。
认知活动的积极作用与神经可塑性、神经营养因子、神经递质和神经调质信号通路的变化密切相关。
