Manchia Mirko, Fanos Vassilios
Section of Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy; Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Cagliari, Italy; Puericulture Institute and Neonatal Section, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria, Cagliari, Italy.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2017 Jul 3;77:32-41. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.03.024. Epub 2017 Apr 2.
Human aggression is a complex and widespread social behavior that is overrepresented in individuals affected by severe mental illness (SMI), such as schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A substantial proportion of the liability threshold for aggressive behavior is determined by genetic factors, and environmental moderators might precipitate the manifestation of this behavioral phenotype through modification of gene expression via the epigenetic machinery. These specific alterations in the genetic and epigenetic make-up of aggressive individuals might determine distinct biochemical signatures detectable through metabolomics. An additional pathophysiological component playing a role in aggressive behavior might be determined by alterations of gut microbiota. Here, we present a selective review of human data on genetic, epigenetic, and metabolomic markers of aggressive behavior in SMI, discussing also the available evidence on the role of microbiome alterations. Clinical implication of these evidences, as well as future perspectives, will be discussed.
人类攻击行为是一种复杂且普遍存在的社会行为，在患有严重精神疾病（SMI）的个体中表现得尤为突出，如精神分裂症（SCZ）、双相情感障碍（BD）、自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）。攻击行为的相当一部分易感性阈值由遗传因素决定，环境调节因素可能通过表观遗传机制改变基因表达，从而促使这种行为表型的显现。攻击行为个体在遗传和表观遗传组成上的这些特定改变，可能决定了通过代谢组学可检测到的独特生化特征。在攻击行为中起作用的另一个病理生理成分可能由肠道微生物群的改变所决定。在此，我们对有关严重精神疾病中攻击行为的遗传、表观遗传和代谢组学标志物的人类数据进行选择性综述，同时也讨论微生物群改变作用的现有证据。将讨论这些证据的临床意义以及未来展望。
