Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; email:
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093.
Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2017 Aug 31;18:65-86. doi: 10.1146/annurev-genom-083115-022438. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
Over the past few years, microbiome research has dramatically reshaped our understanding of human biology. New insights range from an enhanced understanding of how microbes mediate digestion and disease processes (e.g., in inflammatory bowel disease) to surprising associations with Parkinson's disease, autism, and depression. In this review, we describe how new generations of sequencing technology, analytical advances coupled to new software capabilities, and the integration of animal model data have led to these new discoveries. We also discuss the prospects for integrating studies of the microbiome, metabolome, and immune system, with the goal of elucidating mechanisms that govern their interactions. This systems-level understanding will change how we think about ourselves as organisms.
在过去的几年中，微生物组研究极大地改变了我们对人类生物学的理解。新的见解包括对微生物如何介导消化和疾病过程（例如炎症性肠病）的更深入了解，以及与帕金森病、自闭症和抑郁症的惊人关联。在这篇综述中，我们描述了新一代测序技术、与新软件功能相结合的分析进展以及动物模型数据的整合如何带来这些新发现。我们还讨论了整合微生物组、代谢组和免疫系统研究的前景，目标是阐明控制它们相互作用的机制。这种系统水平的理解将改变我们对自身作为生物体的看法。
