Le Pelley Mike E, Pearson Daniel, Porter Alexis, Yee Hannah, Luque David
School of Psychology, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Q J Exp Psychol (Hove). 2019 Feb;72(2):168-181. doi: 10.1080/17470218.2017.1313874. Epub 2018 Jan 1.
A large body of research has shown that learning about relationships between neutral stimuli and events of significance - rewards or punishments - influences the extent to which people attend to those stimuli in the future. However, different accounts of this influence differ in terms of the critical variable that is proposed to determine learned changes in attention. We describe two experiments using eye-tracking with a rewarded visual search procedure to investigate whether attentional capture is influenced by the predictiveness of stimuli (i.e., the extent to which they provide information about upcoming events) or by their absolute associative value (i.e., the expected incentive value of the outcome that a stimulus predicts). Results demonstrated a clear influence of associative value on the likelihood that stimuli will capture eye-movements, but the evidence for a distinct influence of predictiveness was less compelling. The results of these experiments can be reconciled within a simple account under which attentional prioritization is a monotonic function of the expected, subjective value of the reward that is signalled by a stimulus.
大量研究表明，了解中性刺激与重要事件（奖励或惩罚）之间的关系会影响人们未来对这些刺激的关注程度。然而，对于这种影响的不同解释在用于确定注意力学习变化的关键变量方面存在差异。我们描述了两个实验，使用眼动追踪和奖励视觉搜索程序来研究注意力捕获是受刺激的预测性（即它们提供有关即将发生事件信息的程度）还是受其绝对关联价值（即刺激所预测结果的预期激励价值）的影响。结果表明，关联价值对刺激捕获眼球运动的可能性有明显影响，但预测性产生独特影响的证据则不那么有说服力。这些实验的结果可以在一个简单的解释框架内得到调和，即注意力优先级是由刺激所预示的奖励的预期主观价值的单调函数。
