Feizabad Elham, Hossein-Nezhad Arash, Maghbooli Zhila, Ramezani Majid, Hashemian Roxana, Moattari Syamak
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Diabetes, Boston University School of Medicine, 85 E Newton St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
Arch Osteoporos. 2017 Dec;12(1):34. doi: 10.1007/s11657-017-0323-6. Epub 2017 Apr 5.
The association between air pollution and bone health was evaluated in adolescents in the city of Tehran. This study is essentially ecological. Vitamin D deficiency among adolescents has been reported at higher rates in polluted areas than in non-polluted areas. Additionally, residence in polluted areas is associated with lower levels of bone alkaline phosphatase.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between ambient air pollution and bone turnover in adolescents and to compare the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency between polluted and non-polluted areas of Tehran.
This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted on 325 middle- and high-school students (both girls and boys) in Tehran in the winter. During the study period, detailed daily data on air pollution were obtained from archived data collected by Tehran Air Quality Control Company (AQCC). Serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, 25(OH) vitamin D, osteocalcin, cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX), total protein, albumin, and creatinine were obtained from the study group.
Vitamin D deficiency was more prevalent in polluted areas than in non-polluted areas. After adjustment for age and sex, residence in the polluted area showed a statistically significant positive association with vitamin D deficiency and a statistically significant negative association with bone turnover. Interestingly, high calcium intake (>5000 mg/week) protects against the effects of air pollution on bone turnover.
Air pollution is a chief factor determining the amount of solar UVB that reaches the earth's surface. Thus, atmospheric pollution may play a significant independent role in the development of vitamin D deficiency.
在德黑兰市的青少年中评估了空气污染与骨骼健康之间的关联。本研究本质上是生态学研究。据报道，污染地区青少年维生素D缺乏率高于非污染地区。此外，居住在污染地区与骨碱性磷酸酶水平较低有关。
本研究的目的是评估环境空气污染与青少年骨转换之间的关联，并比较德黑兰污染地区和非污染地区维生素D缺乏的患病率。
这项基于人群的横断面研究于冬季在德黑兰的325名中学生（包括男生和女生）中进行。在研究期间，从德黑兰空气质量控制公司（AQCC）收集的存档数据中获取了详细的每日空气污染数据。从研究组获取血清钙、磷、甲状旁腺激素（PTH）、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶、25（OH）维生素D、骨钙素、交联C末端肽（CTX）、总蛋白、白蛋白和肌酐水平。
污染地区维生素D缺乏比非污染地区更普遍。在对年龄和性别进行调整后，居住在污染地区与维生素D缺乏呈统计学显著正相关，与骨转换呈统计学显著负相关。有趣的是，高钙摄入量（>5000毫克/周）可防止空气污染对骨转换的影响。
空气污染是决定到达地球表面的太阳紫外线B量的主要因素。因此，大气污染可能在维生素D缺乏的发生中起重要的独立作用。
