促进日本城市地区大学生归属感的因素：个体层面的社会资本、自我效能感和心理健康。

Factors promoting sense of coherence among university students in urban areas of Japan: individual-level social capital, self-efficacy, and mental health.

机构信息

1 Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.

2 Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Japan.

出版信息

Glob Health Promot. 2019 Mar;26(1):60-68. doi: 10.1177/1757975917691925. Epub 2017 Apr 6.

DOI:10.1177/1757975917691925

PMID:28382845

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

Sense of coherence (SOC) is a concept that helps to explain the relation between personal intentionality as psychosocial factors and health-related behaviors. Thus, it is essential to enhance SOC when encouraging a healthy lifestyle. However, the factors that promote SOC have not been fully investigated among university students. The objective of this study was to clarify the general resistance resources (GRRs) that may promote the development of the SOC among university students. Therefore, we examined the relationship between SOC and social capital (SC), self-efficacy, and mental health.

METHODS

Participants included 443 students from nine academic departments at eight universities in the Kanto or Kinki metropolitan areas of Japan. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire. Individual-level cognitive and structural SC, generalized self-efficacy, mental health inventory (from SF-36v2), and SOC were measured. Confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling was conducted to verify the factor structure of the SOC-13 scale. Stepwise multiple regression analysis and two-way layout analysis of variance were performed with SOC as the dependent variable.

RESULTS

The factor structure of SOC indicated the optimal model fit in the second-order three-factor model of the 12 items. SOC was predicted by five variables: age, cognitive SC, structural SC, mental health, and self-efficacy. For students from urban areas, SOC was predicted by the interaction between cognitive and structural SC.

CONCLUSION

SOC was significantly related to cognitive SC, structural SC, and self-efficacy as well as mental health in university students from urban areas. Furthermore, the combination of higher-level cognitive SC and higher-level structural SC exerted an inhibitory influence on SOC among students who previously and currently live in urban areas. Therefore, the findings indicated that both cognitive and structural SC as well as self-efficacy may act as GRRs that promote the development of SOC, and similarly, good mental health may promote a strong SOC.

摘要

目的

社会适应能力（SOC）是一个概念，可以帮助解释个人意向等心理社会因素与健康相关行为之间的关系。因此，在鼓励健康生活方式时，增强 SOC 至关重要。然而，促进 SOC 的因素在大学生群体中尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在阐明可能促进大学生 SOC 发展的一般抵抗资源（GRR）。因此，我们研究了 SOC 与社会资本（SC）、自我效能感和心理健康之间的关系。

方法

参与者包括来自日本关东或关西地区 8 所大学 9 个学术部门的 443 名学生。参与者完成了匿名问卷。个体层面的认知和结构 SC、广义自我效能感、心理健康量表（SF-36v2）和 SOC 进行了测量。采用结构方程模型进行验证性因子分析，以验证 SOC-13 量表的因子结构。以 SOC 为因变量进行逐步多元回归分析和双向布局方差分析。

结果

SOC 的因子结构表明，在二阶三因素模型的 12 个项目中具有最佳模型拟合度。SOC 由五个变量预测：年龄、认知 SC、结构 SC、心理健康和自我效能感。对于来自城市地区的学生，SOC 由认知和结构 SC 之间的交互作用预测。

结论

SOC 与认知 SC、结构 SC 和自我效能感以及城市地区大学生的心理健康显著相关。此外，认知和结构 SC 较高水平的组合对来自城市地区的学生的 SOC 产生抑制影响。因此，研究结果表明，认知和结构 SC 以及自我效能感可能作为促进 SOC 发展的 GRR，同样，良好的心理健康可能促进 SOC 增强。