Department of Health and Society, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Vest-Agder, Norway
BMJ Open. 2023 Dec 19;13(12):e076084. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076084.
The study evaluated the association of academic environment, lifestyle, sense of coherence (SOC) and social support with self-reported mental health status among dental students.
Secondary analysis of data from a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey conducted from August to October 2018.
Dental school of a public-funded university in the south-eastern region of Brazil.
233 undergraduate dental students recruited across all years of the course.
Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, city of origin and student's academic semester were obtained through self-completed questionnaires. Perception of the academic environment (Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM)), individual lifestyle (Individual Lifestyle Profile Questionnaire (ILPQ)), SOC (SOC Scale (SOC-13)), social support (Medical Outcomes Study Scale (MOS)), and depression, anxiety and stress (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21)) were assessed using validated instruments. The relationships between variables were investigated through multivariable negative binomial regression to obtain the rate ratios (RRs) and 95% CIs.
Female sex was associated with greater scores of anxiety (RR 1.74, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.97) and stress (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.06). Students who perceived a better academic environment and those reporting a greater SOC had a lower probability of depression, anxiety and stress. Furthermore, a favourable lifestyle was associated with lower depression scores (RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99). Social support did not remain associated with depression, anxiety and stress after adjustment.
The present findings suggest that self-reported mental health status is associated with students' sex, academic environment, SOC and lifestyle. Enhancing the educational environment and SOC, and promoting a healthy lifestyle may improve the psychological health of dental students.
本研究评估了学术环境、生活方式、心理韧性（SOC）和社会支持与牙科学员自我报告的心理健康状况之间的关系。
对 2018 年 8 月至 10 月进行的横断面问卷调查数据进行二次分析。
巴西东南部地区一所公立资助大学的牙科学院。
从课程的所有年级招募了 233 名本科牙科学员。
通过自我完成的问卷获得了社会经济和人口统计学特征、原籍城市和学生的学术学期。使用经过验证的工具评估学术环境感知（邓迪准备教育环境量表（DREEM））、个体生活方式（个体生活方式问卷（ILPQ））、SOC（SOC 量表（SOC-13））、社会支持（医疗结果研究量表（MOS））以及抑郁、焦虑和压力（抑郁、焦虑和压力量表 21 项（DASS-21））。通过多变量负二项回归分析变量之间的关系，以获得比率比（RR）和 95%置信区间（CI）。
女性性别与焦虑（RR 1.74，95%CI 1.10 至 1.97）和压力（RR 1.52，95%CI 1.12 至 2.06）得分较高相关。感知到更好学术环境的学生和报告 SOC 较高的学生，其抑郁、焦虑和压力的可能性较低。此外，有利的生活方式与较低的抑郁评分相关（RR 0.99，95%CI 0.97 至 0.99）。调整后，社会支持与抑郁、焦虑和压力不再相关。
本研究结果表明，自我报告的心理健康状况与学生的性别、学术环境、SOC 和生活方式有关。增强教育环境和 SOC，并促进健康的生活方式，可能会改善牙科学员的心理健康。
