von Bothmer Margareta I K, Fridlund Bengt
School of Social and Health Sciences, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.
Scand J Caring Sci. 2003 Dec;17(4):347-57. doi: 10.1046/j.0283-9318.2003.00234.x.
The aim of the study was to determine students' self-rated health in relation to sense of coherence and other personality traits. A cross-sectional descriptive design was used with questionnaires as the means of data collection. The study population comprised a randomized stratified sample of students from a small university in southern Sweden. Ethical approval was obtained from the vice chancellor, and the issues of informed consent, confidentiality, privacy and self-determination were respected. Two instruments were used for data collection; the 29-item Sense of Coherence (SOC) scale, and an instrument created for this study, named Personality and Health Instrument, containing 52 questions. Self-rated health was estimated by inverse number of health complaints. A factor analysis identified seven factors related to personality traits; the three most important were hardiness, positive affect/optimism and Type A personality. The personality trait variables were tested for correlation with each other as well as with self-rated health. The mean score for SOC was similar for female and male students, but a positive association between SOC and self-rated health was found only among women. Optimism was associated with less health complaints among female students. Type A personality was associated with poorer health both among women and men. The personality traits SOC, positive affect/optimism, hardiness and alienation showed high internal correlations. The SOC scale is discussed in relation to gender specificity and in relation to methodological and conceptual confounding. Further research is needed to explore the relation between SOC, optimism, hardiness, hostility and health. The significance of the study is that it raises questions about the validity and specificity of the SOC instrument and provides ideas for future research to develop the sense of coherence concept and instrument.
本研究的目的是确定学生自我评定的健康状况与连贯感及其他人格特质之间的关系。采用横断面描述性设计，以问卷作为数据收集手段。研究对象为瑞典南部一所小型大学的学生随机分层样本。获得了副校长的伦理批准，并尊重了知情同意、保密、隐私和自主等问题。使用了两种工具进行数据收集；29项连贯感（SOC）量表，以及为本研究创建的包含52个问题的人格与健康量表。自我评定的健康状况通过健康投诉的倒数来估计。一项因素分析确定了与人格特质相关的七个因素；其中最重要的三个是心理韧性、积极情感/乐观主义和A型人格。对人格特质变量进行了相互之间以及与自我评定健康状况的相关性测试。女性和男性学生的SOC平均得分相似，但仅在女性中发现SOC与自我评定健康状况之间存在正相关。乐观主义与女学生较少的健康投诉相关。A型人格在女性和男性中均与较差的健康状况相关。人格特质SOC、积极情感/乐观主义、心理韧性和疏离感显示出较高的内部相关性。讨论了SOC量表在性别特异性以及方法和概念混淆方面的情况。需要进一步研究来探讨SOC、乐观主义、心理韧性、敌意与健康之间的关系。本研究的意义在于它提出了关于SOC工具的有效性和特异性的问题，并为未来研究发展连贯感概念和工具提供了思路。
