Owen Robert
Department of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Carlton, Vic. 3010, Australia Corresponding author, e-mail:
J Econ Entomol. 2017 Jun 1;110(3):797-801. doi: 10.1093/jee/tox075.
The increased annual losses in European honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies in North America and some other countries is usually attributed to a range of factors including pathogens, poor nutrition, and insecticides. In this essay, I will argue that the global trade in honey bees and migratory beekeeping practices within countries has enabled pathogens to spread quickly. Beekeepers' management strategies have also contributed to the spread of pathogens as well as the development of resistance to miticides and antibiotics, and exacerbated by hobby beekeepers. The opportunities for arresting honey bee declines rest as strongly with individual beekeepers as they do with the dynamics of disease.
在北美和其他一些国家，欧洲蜜蜂（意大利蜜蜂）蜂群每年损失的增加通常归因于一系列因素，包括病原体、营养不良和杀虫剂。在本文中，我将论证，蜜蜂的全球贸易以及各国国内的转地放蜂做法使病原体得以迅速传播。养蜂人的管理策略也导致了病原体的传播以及对杀螨剂和抗生素耐药性的产生，业余养蜂人更是加剧了这种情况。阻止蜜蜂数量下降的机会，与个体养蜂人的作用以及疾病动态同样息息相关。
