Sienko K H, Whitney S L, Carender W J, Wall C
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
J Vestib Res. 2017;27(1):63-76. doi: 10.3233/VES-170606.
This narrative review highlights findings from the sensory augmentation field for people with vestibular deficits and addresses the outstanding questions that are critical to the translation of this technology into clinical and/or personal use. Prior research has demonstrated that the real-time use of visual, vibrotactile, auditory, and multimodal sensory augmentation technologies can improve balance during static and dynamic stance tasks within a laboratory setting. However, its application in improving gait requires additional investigation, as does its efficacy as a rehabilitation device for people with vestibular deficits. In some locomotor studies involving sensory augmentation, gait velocity decreased and secondary task performance worsened, and subjects negatively altered their segmental control strategies when cues were provided following short training sessions. A further question is whether the retention and/or carry-over effects of training with a sensory augmentation technology exceed the retention and/or carry-over effects of training alone, thereby supporting its use as a rehabilitation device. Preliminary results suggest that there are short-term improvements in balance performance following a small number of training sessions with a sensory augmentation device. Long-term clinical and home-based controlled training studies are needed. It is hypothesized that sensory augmentation provides people with vestibular deficits with additional sensory input to promote central compensation during a specific exercise/activity; however, research is needed to substantiate this theory. Major obstacles standing in the way of its use for these critical applications include determining exercise/activity specific feedback parameters and dosage strategies. This paper summarizes the reported findings that support sensory augmentation as a balance aid and rehabilitation device, but does not critically examine efficacy or the quality of the research methods used in the reviewed studies.
这篇叙述性综述强调了前庭功能缺陷患者在感觉增强领域的研究发现，并探讨了对于将该技术转化为临床和/或个人应用至关重要的悬而未决的问题。先前的研究表明，在实验室环境中实时使用视觉、振动触觉、听觉和多模态感觉增强技术可以改善静态和动态站立任务中的平衡。然而，其在改善步态方面的应用需要进一步研究，其作为前庭功能缺陷患者康复设备的疗效也需要进一步研究。在一些涉及感觉增强的运动研究中，步态速度下降，次要任务表现恶化，并且在短时间训练后提供线索时，受试者会负面改变其节段控制策略。另一个问题是，使用感觉增强技术进行训练的保留和/或迁移效应是否超过单独训练的保留和/或迁移效应，从而支持其作为康复设备的使用。初步结果表明，使用感觉增强设备进行少量训练后，平衡性能有短期改善。需要进行长期的临床和家庭对照训练研究。据推测，感觉增强为前庭功能缺陷患者提供额外的感觉输入，以促进特定运动/活动期间的中枢代偿；然而，需要研究来证实这一理论。阻碍其用于这些关键应用的主要障碍包括确定运动/活动特定的反馈参数和剂量策略。本文总结了支持感觉增强作为平衡辅助和康复设备的已报道发现，但没有严格审查所综述研究中使用的研究方法的疗效或质量。
