Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia.
Microbiome. 2017 Apr 8;5(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s40168-017-0259-5.
Fungi are a diverse eukaryotic group of degraders, pathogens, and symbionts, with many lineages known only from DNA sequences in soil, sediments, air, and water.
We provide rough phylogenetic placement and principal niche analysis for >40 previously unrecognized fungal groups at the order and class level from global soil samples based on combined 18S (nSSU) and 28S (nLSU) rRNA gene sequences. Especially, Rozellomycota (Cryptomycota), Zygomycota s.lat, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota are rich in novel fungal lineages, most of which exhibit distinct preferences for climate and soil pH.
This study uncovers the great phylogenetic richness of previously unrecognized order- to phylum-level fungal lineages. Most of these rare groups are distributed in different ecosystems of the world but exhibit distinct ecological preferences for climate or soil pH. Across the fungal kingdom, tropical and non-tropical habitats are equally likely to harbor novel groups. We advocate that a combination of traditional and high-throughput sequencing methods enable efficient recovery and phylogenetic placement of such unknown taxonomic groups.
真菌是一类多样性的真核生物，包括降解者、病原体和共生体，许多谱系仅根据土壤、沉积物、空气和水中的 DNA 序列被知晓。
我们根据全球土壤样本中联合的 18S（nSSU）和 28S（nLSU）rRNA 基因序列，为 40 多个以前未被识别的真菌群体在目和纲水平上提供了大致的系统发育位置和主要生态位分析。特别是 Rozellomycota（Cryptomycota）、Zygomycota s.lat、Ascomycota 和 Basidiomycota 富含新的真菌谱系，其中大多数对气候和土壤 pH 值表现出明显的偏好。
本研究揭示了以前未被识别的目级到门级真菌谱系的巨大系统发育丰富度。这些稀有群体中的大多数分布在世界不同的生态系统中，但对气候或土壤 pH 值表现出明显的生态偏好。在真菌界中，热带和非热带生境同样有可能蕴藏着新的群体。我们主张传统和高通量测序方法的结合能够有效地回收和进行这些未知分类群的系统发育定位。
