Shinoda Kenta, Hirahara Kiyoshi, Nakayama Toshinori
Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Laboratory of Genome Integrity, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Allergol Int. 2017 Jul;66(3):369-376. doi: 10.1016/j.alit.2017.03.005. Epub 2017 Apr 5.
Immunological memory is an important protective mechanism that enables host organisms to respond rapidly and vigorously to pathogens that have been previously encountered. In addition to the protective function, memory CD4 T helper (Th) cells play a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders, including asthma. Recently, several investigators have identified phenotypically and functionally distinct memory Th2 cell subsets that produce IL-5. These memory Th2 cell subsets play an important role in the pathology of allergic inflammation and function as memory-type "pathogenic Th2 (Tpath2) cells" both in mice and humans. We review the role of lung Tpath2 cells in the development of allergic inflammation and, in the context of recent findings, propose a mechanism by which Tpath2 cells not only survive but also continue to function at the sites where antigens were encountered. A greater understanding of the functional molecules or signaling pathways that regulate the inflammatory niche for Tpath2 cells may aid in the design of more effective treatments for chronic inflammatory disorders.
免疫记忆是一种重要的保护机制，它使宿主生物体能够对先前遇到的病原体迅速而强烈地做出反应。除了保护功能外，记忆性CD4辅助性T（Th）细胞在包括哮喘在内的慢性炎症性疾病的发病机制中起着核心作用。最近，一些研究人员已经鉴定出了表型和功能不同的产生白细胞介素-5的记忆性Th2细胞亚群。这些记忆性Th2细胞亚群在过敏性炎症的病理过程中起重要作用，并且在小鼠和人类中均作为记忆型“致病性Th2（Tpath2）细胞”发挥作用。我们综述了肺Tpath2细胞在过敏性炎症发展中的作用，并结合最近的研究结果，提出了一种机制，通过该机制Tpath2细胞不仅能够存活，而且还能在遇到抗原的部位继续发挥作用。对调节Tpath2细胞炎症微环境的功能分子或信号通路有更深入的了解，可能有助于设计出更有效的慢性炎症性疾病治疗方法。
