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动机性注意与抑郁症的家族风险:由侧化厌恶图片诱发的头皮神经元发生器模式揭示情绪反应迟钝。

Motivated attention and family risk for depression: Neuronal generator patterns at scalp elicited by lateralized aversive pictures reveal blunted emotional responsivity.

作者信息

Kayser Jürgen, Tenke Craig E, Abraham Karen S, Alschuler Daniel M, Alvarenga Jorge E, Skipper Jamie, Warner Virginia, Bruder Gerard E, Weissman Myrna M

机构信息

Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA; Division of Epidemiology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.

Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.

出版信息

Neuroimage Clin. 2017 Mar 22;14:692-707. doi: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.03.007. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

Behavioral and electrophysiologic evidence suggests that major depression (MDD) involves right parietotemporal dysfunction, a region activated by arousing affective stimuli. Building on prior event-related potential (ERP) findings (Kayser et al. 2016 142:337-350), this study examined whether these abnormalities also characterize individuals at clinical high risk for MDD. We systematically explored the impact of family risk status and personal history of depression and anxiety on three distinct stages of emotional processing comprising the late positive potential (LPP). ERPs (72 channels) were recorded from 74 high and 53 low risk individuals (age 13-59 years, 58 male) during a visual half-field paradigm using highly-controlled pictures of cosmetic surgery patients showing disordered (negative) or healed (neutral) facial areas before or after treatment. Reference-free current source density (CSD) transformations of ERP waveforms were quantified by temporal principal components analysis (tPCA). Component scores of prominent CSD-tPCA factors sensitive to emotional content were analyzed via permutation tests and repeated measures ANOVA for mixed factorial designs with unstructured covariance matrix, including gender, age and clinical covariates. Factor-based distributed inverse solutions provided descriptive estimates of emotional brain activations at group level corresponding to hierarchical activations along ventral visual processing stream. Risk status affected emotional responsivity (increased positivity to negative-than-neutral stimuli) overlapping early N2 sink (peak latency 212 ms), P3 source (385 ms), and a late centroparietal source (630 ms). High risk individuals had reduced right-greater-than-left emotional lateralization involving occipitotemporal cortex (N2 sink) and bilaterally reduced emotional effects involving posterior cingulate (P3 source) and inferior temporal cortex (630 ms) when compared to those at low risk. While the early emotional effects were enhanced for left hemifield (right hemisphere) presentations, hemifield modulations did not differ between risk groups, suggesting top-down rather than bottom-up effects of risk. Groups did not differ in their stimulus valence or arousal ratings. Similar effects were seen for individuals with a lifetime history of depression or anxiety disorder in comparison to those without. However, there was no evidence that risk status and history of MDD or anxiety disorder interacted in their impact on emotional responsivity, suggesting largely independent attenuation of attentional resource allocation to enhance perceptual processing of motivationally salient stimuli. These findings further suggest that a deficit in motivated attention preceding conscious awareness may be a marker of risk for depression.

摘要

行为学和电生理学证据表明,重度抑郁症(MDD)涉及右侧顶颞叶功能障碍,该区域会被引发情感的刺激所激活。基于先前的事件相关电位(ERP)研究结果(凯泽等人,2016年,142:337 - 350),本研究调查了这些异常是否也是临床MDD高危个体的特征。我们系统地探究了家族风险状况以及抑郁和焦虑的个人史对情感加工三个不同阶段(包括晚期正电位(LPP))的影响。在视觉半视野范式中,使用整容手术患者在治疗前后显示出紊乱(负面)或愈合(中性)面部区域的高度受控图片,从74名高危个体和53名低危个体(年龄13 - 59岁,58名男性)记录ERP(72个通道)。ERP波形的无参考电流源密度(CSD)转换通过时间主成分分析(tPCA)进行量化。对情感内容敏感的显著CSD - tPCA因子的成分得分通过置换检验和重复测量方差分析进行分析,用于具有非结构化协方差矩阵的混合因子设计,包括性别、年龄和临床协变量。基于因子的分布式逆解提供了对应于沿腹侧视觉处理流的分层激活的组水平情感脑激活的描述性估计。风险状况影响情感反应性(对负面刺激比对中性刺激的正性增加),与早期N2波谷(峰值潜伏期212毫秒)、P3波源(385毫秒)和晚期中央顶叶波源(630毫秒)重叠。与低危个体相比,高危个体右侧大于左侧的情感偏侧化降低,涉及枕颞叶皮质(N2波谷),双侧涉及后扣带回(P3波源)和颞下回皮质(630毫秒)的情感效应降低。虽然对于左半视野(右半球)呈现的早期情感效应增强,但风险组之间的半视野调制没有差异,表明风险的自上而下而非自下而上的效应。两组在刺激效价或唤醒评分方面没有差异。与没有抑郁或焦虑症终生史的个体相比,有抑郁或焦虑症终生史的个体也有类似的效应。然而,没有证据表明MDD或焦虑症的风险状况和病史在对情感反应性的影响上相互作用,这表明在很大程度上注意力资源分配的独立减弱是为了增强对动机显著刺激的感知加工。这些发现进一步表明,在意识觉知之前的动机性注意缺陷可能是抑郁症风险的一个标志。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9fcd/5377015/f1591bfd90a5/gr1.jpg

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