Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2018 Jan;3(1):10-18. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.09.004. Epub 2017 Sep 20.
The National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria initiative is a research framework designed toward understanding psychopathology as abnormalities of dimensional neurobehavioral constructs rather than in terms of DSM-defined categories. Research Domain Criteria constructs within the negative valence domain are particularly relevant for understanding anxiety and depressive disorders, which are pervasive, debilitating, and characterized by negative processing bias. One important direction for Research Domain Criteria research is investigating processes and parameters related to the time course (or chronometry) of negative valenced constructs. Two reliable methods for assessing chronometry are event-related potentials (ERPs) and startle blink. In this qualitative review, we examine ERP and startle studies of individuals with anxiety or depression or individuals vulnerable to affective disorders. The aim of the review is to highlight how these methods can inform the role of chronometry in the spectrum of anxiety and depression. ERP studies examining different chronometry facets of negative valenced responses have shown that transdiagnostic groups of individuals with internalizing psychopathologies exhibit abnormalities at early stages of processing. Startle reactivity studies have robustly differentiated fear-based disorders (e.g., panic disorder, social phobia) from other anxiety disorders (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder) and have also shown that different internalizing phenotypes exhibit different patterns of habituation. Findings lend support to the value of ERP and startle measures in identifying groups that cut across conventional classification systems. We also highlight methodological issues that can aid in the validity and reproducibility of ERP and startle findings and, ultimately, in the goal of developing more precise models of anxiety and depression.
美国国立精神卫生研究所的研究领域标准倡议是一个研究框架，旨在将精神病理学理解为神经行为结构的维度异常，而不是根据 DSM 定义的类别。消极效价领域的研究领域标准结构对于理解焦虑和抑郁障碍尤其相关，这些障碍普遍存在、使人虚弱，并以消极处理偏差为特征。研究领域标准研究的一个重要方向是研究与负面结构的时间进程（或计时）相关的过程和参数。评估计时的两种可靠方法是事件相关电位（ERP）和惊跳眨眼。在这个定性综述中，我们检查了焦虑或抑郁个体或易患情感障碍个体的 ERP 和惊跳眨眼研究。综述的目的是强调这些方法如何为计时在焦虑和抑郁谱中的作用提供信息。研究负效价反应不同计时方面的 ERP 研究表明，具有内化精神病理学的跨诊断组个体在处理的早期阶段表现出异常。惊跳反应性研究有力地区分了基于恐惧的障碍（例如，惊恐障碍、社交恐惧症）与其他焦虑障碍（例如，广泛性焦虑障碍），并表明不同的内化表型表现出不同的习惯化模式。研究结果支持 ERP 和惊跳测量在识别跨越传统分类系统的群体方面的价值。我们还强调了可以提高 ERP 和惊跳发现的有效性和可重复性的方法问题，最终目标是开发更精确的焦虑和抑郁模型。
