Varjasi Gabriella, Póka Róbert
Szülészet-Nőgyógyászat Osztály, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Megyei Jósa András Oktatókórház Nyíregyháza.
Klinikai Központ, Szülészeti és Nőgyógyászati Intézet, Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98., 4032.
Orv Hetil. 2017 Apr;158(15):563-571. doi: 10.1556/650.2017.30728.
The Zika virus is a flavivirus spread by mosquitoes. Its primary vectors are the Aedes aegypti and the Aedes albopictus. Before 2007 it sporadically caused benign morbidity. Since 2015, it started spreading "explosively" in America, especially in Brazil. In August 2016 they reported cases from New York and Poland, too. Most of the infections don't produce any symptoms, but can cause grave complications. The most important lesion is microcephalia that forms in fetuses. Microcephalia's most serious consequence is mental retardation, which puts great burden on both the family and the society. The viral infection increases the incidence of Guillain-Barré syndrome. This is an acute autoimmune disease which causes demyelination and, in the worst cases, it can also be fatal. Yet we do not possess adequate and specific vaccination nor antiviral therapy, although, since July 2016, the effectiveness of a DNA based vaccine is being tested on humans. More than half of the world's population lives in areas contaminated by infected mosquitoes so there is a great need for the development of an effective method against the vector mosquitoes. Sadly, even the vector control strategies aren't effective enough to push back the epidemic. Pregnant or fertile women must take the highest precautions against mosquito bites, especially if they travel to regions ravaged by the epidemic. The safest solution would be to postpone both the trip and the childbearing. In Europe, the vectors aren't spread enough to cause major threat, except maybe the warmer regions bordered by the Mediterranean Sea. However, it is possible that in the near future other viruses spread by Aedes mosquitoes could appear. Naturally, the travellers and immigrants, who came from endemic regions can also contribute to the spread of the epidemic. Thanks to the changes in global weather, there were reported findings of mosquitoes of the Aedes albopictus species in Hungary, which are slowly invading the continent, although we do not have information about their settlement in the country. The doctors may encounter introduced cases and we do not have to fear the spreading of the epidemic to our country, but in the bordering Slovakia and Slovenia infections have been reported. The future of the Zika virus is yet unpredictable, although looking at the global spread of the Dengue and Chikungunya viruses, a worldwide spread is expectable in the near future. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(15), 563-571.
寨卡病毒是一种由蚊子传播的黄病毒。其主要病媒是埃及伊蚊和白纹伊蚊。2007年之前，它偶尔引发良性发病情况。自2015年起，它开始在美国“爆发性”传播，尤其是在巴西。2016年8月，纽约和波兰也报告了相关病例。大多数感染不会产生任何症状，但可能导致严重并发症。最重要的损害是胎儿形成小头畸形。小头畸形最严重的后果是智力发育迟缓，这给家庭和社会都带来了巨大负担。病毒感染会增加吉兰 - 巴雷综合征的发病率。这是一种急性自身免疫性疾病，会导致脱髓鞘，在最严重的情况下，也可能致命。然而，我们目前没有足够的特异性疫苗和抗病毒疗法，尽管自2016年7月起，一种基于DNA的疫苗的有效性正在人体上进行测试。世界上一半以上的人口生活在受感染蚊子污染的地区，因此迫切需要开发一种针对病媒蚊子的有效方法。遗憾的是，即使是病媒控制策略也不足以遏制疫情。孕妇或育龄妇女必须采取最高级别的防蚊措施，尤其是当她们前往疫情肆虐地区时。最安全的解决办法是推迟旅行和生育。在欧洲，除了地中海沿岸的较温暖地区外，病媒传播范围不足以构成重大威胁。然而，在不久的将来，可能会出现其他由伊蚊传播的病毒。当然，来自疫区的旅行者和移民也可能促使疫情传播。由于全球气候的变化，匈牙利报告发现了白纹伊蚊，它们正在慢慢侵入欧洲大陆，不过我们尚无它们在该国定居情况的相关信息。医生可能会遇到输入性病例，我们不必担心疫情在我国传播，但邻国斯洛伐克和斯洛文尼亚已报告有感染病例。寨卡病毒的未来仍无法预测，不过从登革热病毒和基孔肯雅病毒的全球传播情况来看，预计在不久的将来它会在全球范围内传播。《匈牙利医学周报》，2017年，158(15)，563 - 571。
