Moberg Christine A, Bradford Daniel E, Kaye Jesse T, Curtin John J
Department of Psychology.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2017 May;126(4):441-453. doi: 10.1037/abn0000265. Epub 2017 Apr 10.
Stress plays a key role in addiction etiology and relapse. Rodent models posit that following repeated periods of alcohol and other drug intoxication, compensatory allostatic changes occur in the central nervous system (CNS) circuits involved in behavioral and emotional response to stressors. We examine a predicted manifestation of this neuroadaptation in recently abstinent alcohol-dependent humans. Participants completed a translational laboratory task that uses startle potentiation to unpredictable (vs. predictable) stressors implicated in the putative CNS mechanisms that mediate this neuroadaptation. Alcohol-dependent participants displayed significantly greater startle potentiation to unpredictable than predictable stressors relative to nonalcoholic controls. The size of this effect covaried with alcohol-related problems and degree of withdrawal syndrome. This supports the rodent model thesis of a sensitized stress response in abstinent alcoholics. However, this effect could also represent premorbid risk or mark more severe and/or comorbid psychopathology. Regardless, pharmacotherapy and psychological interventions may target unpredictable stressor response to reduce stress-induced relapse. (PsycINFO Database Record
压力在成瘾病因和复发中起着关键作用。啮齿动物模型表明，在经历反复的酒精和其他药物中毒后，参与对应激源进行行为和情绪反应的中枢神经系统（CNS）回路会发生代偿性的适应性变化。我们研究了这种神经适应性在近期戒酒的酒精依赖者身上的一种预测表现。参与者完成了一项转化实验室任务，该任务利用惊吓增强来应对与假定的介导这种神经适应性的中枢神经系统机制相关的不可预测（与可预测）应激源。相对于非酒精依赖对照组，酒精依赖参与者对不可预测应激源的惊吓增强明显大于对可预测应激源的惊吓增强。这种效应的大小与酒精相关问题和戒断综合征的程度相关。这支持了啮齿动物模型中关于戒酒酒精依赖者应激反应敏感化的观点。然而，这种效应也可能代表病前风险或标志着更严重和/或共病的精神病理学。无论如何，药物治疗和心理干预可能针对不可预测的应激源反应，以减少应激诱导的复发。（PsycINFO数据库记录）
