Knight Andrew, Watson Katherine D
Centre for Animal Welfare, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Winchester, Sparkford Road, Winchester SO22 4NR, UK.
School of History, Philosophy and Culture, Oxford Brookes University, Tonge Building, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
Animals (Basel). 2017 Apr 10;7(4):30. doi: 10.3390/ani7040030.
Hundreds of theories exist concerning the identity of "Jack the Ripper". His propensity for anatomical dissection with a knife-and in particular the rapid location and removal of specific organs-led some to speculate that he must have been surgically trained. However, re-examination of a mortuary sketch of one of his victims has revealed several aspects of incisional technique highly inconsistent with professional surgical training. Related discrepancies are also apparent in the language used within the only letter from Jack considered to be probably authentic. The techniques he used to dispatch his victims and retrieve their organs were, however, highly consistent with techniques used within the slaughterhouses of the day. East London in the 1880s had a large number of small-scale slaughterhouses, within which conditions for both animals and workers were exceedingly harsh. Modern sociological research has highlighted the clear links between the infliction of violence on animals and that inflicted on humans, as well as increased risks of violent crimes in communities surrounding slaughterhouses. Conditions within modern slaughterhouses are more humane in some ways but more desensitising in others. The implications for modern animal slaughtering, and our social reliance on slaughterhouses, are explored.
关于“开膛手杰克”的身份，存在着数百种理论。他有用刀进行解剖的癖好，尤其是能迅速找到并摘除特定器官，这使得一些人推测他一定接受过外科手术训练。然而，对他一名受害者的停尸房素描进行重新审视后发现，其切割技术的几个方面与专业外科手术训练极不相符。在被认为可能是真实的杰克所写的唯一一封信中所使用的语言里，相关差异也很明显。不过，他杀害受害者并摘取其器官所采用的技术，与当时屠宰场使用的技术高度一致。19世纪80年代的伦敦东区有大量小型屠宰场，在那里动物和工人的处境都极其恶劣。现代社会学研究突出了对动物施加暴力与对人类施加暴力之间的明显联系，以及屠宰场周边社区暴力犯罪风险的增加。现代屠宰场的条件在某些方面更人道，但在其他方面更易使人麻木不仁。本文探讨了其对现代动物屠宰以及我们社会对屠宰场的依赖的影响。
