The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet B220, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Biotechnol Adv. 2017 Jul;35(4):419-442. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.04.002. Epub 2017 Apr 7.
This review discusses opportunities and bottlenecks for cell factory development of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), with an emphasis on lactobacilli and pediococci, their metabolism and genetic tools. In order to enable economically feasible bio-based production of chemicals and fuels in a biorefinery, the choice of product, substrate and production organism is important. Currently, the most frequently used production hosts include Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but promising examples are available of alternative hosts such as LAB. Particularly lactobacilli and pediococci can offer benefits such as thermotolerance, an extended substrate range and increased tolerance to stresses such as low pH or high alcohol concentrations. This review will evaluate the properties and metabolism of these organisms, and provide an overview of their current biotechnological applications and metabolic engineering. We substantiate the review by including experimental results from screening various lactobacilli and pediococci for transformability, growth temperature range and ability to grow under biotechnologically relevant stress conditions. Since availability of efficient genetic engineering tools is a crucial prerequisite for industrial strain development, genetic tool development is extensively discussed. A range of genetic tools exist for Lactococcus lactis, but for other species of LAB like lactobacilli and pediococci such tools are less well developed. Whereas lactobacilli and pediococci have a long history of use in food and beverage fermentation, their use as platform organisms for production purposes is rather new. By harnessing their properties such as thermotolerance and stress resistance, and by using emerging high-throughput genetic tools, these organisms are very promising as versatile cell factories for biorefinery applications.
本文讨论了乳酸菌（LAB）细胞工厂开发的机遇和瓶颈，重点介绍了乳杆菌和片球菌的代谢和遗传工具。为了在生物炼制厂中实现经济可行的生物基化学品和燃料生产，产品、底物和生产生物的选择非常重要。目前，最常用的生产宿主包括大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母，但也有替代宿主的有前途的例子，如乳酸菌。特别是乳杆菌和片球菌可以提供耐热性、扩展的底物范围以及对低 pH 值或高酒精浓度等应激的更高耐受性等优势。本文将评估这些生物的特性和代谢，并概述它们目前的生物技术应用和代谢工程。我们通过包括筛选各种乳杆菌和片球菌的转化能力、生长温度范围和在生物技术相关应激条件下生长的能力的实验结果，来证实本综述。由于有效的遗传工程工具的可用性是工业菌株开发的关键前提，因此广泛讨论了遗传工具的开发。有一系列遗传工具可用于乳球菌，但对于其他类型的乳酸菌（如乳杆菌和片球菌），这些工具的开发则不太成熟。虽然乳杆菌和片球菌在食品和饮料发酵中有着悠久的应用历史，但它们作为生产目的的平台生物的应用还相当新。通过利用它们的耐热性和抗应激性等特性，并利用新兴的高通量遗传工具，这些生物作为生物炼制应用的多功能细胞工厂非常有前途。
