Ng Lauren C, López Belkys, Pritchard Matthew, Deng David
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
Boston University, 720 Harrison Avenue, Suite 915, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2017 Jun;52(6):705-714. doi: 10.1007/s00127-017-1376-y. Epub 2017 Apr 11.
South Sudan is embroiled in a conflict that erupted in December 2013. This study examines what people in South Sudan think is necessary to achieve reconciliation and how trauma exposure and PTSD are associated with those beliefs.
1525 participants (51.0% female) were selected using random and purposive sampling in six states and Abyei. Participants reported on traumatic events, PTSD symptoms, and attitudes towards reconciliation mechanisms.
Results indicated that 40.7% met symptom criteria for probable PTSD. Most participants thought reconciliation was not possible without prosecuting perpetrators or compensating victims and did not support amnesty. Participants with probable PTSD were more likely to endorse confessions (OR 2.42 [1.75, 3.35]), apologies (OR 2.04 [1.46, 2.83]), and amnesty (OR 1.58 [1.21, 2.08]), and to report that compensation (OR 2.32 [1.80, 3.00]) and prosecution (OR 1.47 [1.15, 1.89]) were not necessary for reconciliation. The more traumatic events people experienced, the more they endorsed criminal punishment for perpetrators (OR 1.07 [1.04, 1.10]) and the less they endorsed confessions (OR 0.97 [0.95, 0.99]).
People with PTSD may prioritize ending violence via opportunities for reconciliation, while those with more trauma exposure may support more punitive mechanisms. Policy makers should take mental health treatment and trauma into account when designing conflict mitigation, peace building, and justice mechanisms.
南苏丹卷入了一场于2013年12月爆发的冲突。本研究调查了南苏丹民众认为实现和解所需的条件，以及创伤暴露和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）与这些信念之间的关联。
通过随机和目的抽样在六个州及阿卜耶伊选取了1525名参与者（51.0%为女性）。参与者报告了创伤事件、PTSD症状以及对和解机制的态度。
结果表明，40.7%的参与者符合可能患有PTSD的症状标准。大多数参与者认为，不追究肇事者或不补偿受害者就不可能实现和解，并且不支持大赦。可能患有PTSD的参与者更有可能认可供述（优势比[OR] 2.42 [1.75, 3.35]）、道歉（OR 2.04 [1.46, 2.83]）和大赦（OR 1.58 [1.21, 2.08]），并报告赔偿（OR 2.32 [1.80, 3.00]）和起诉（OR 1.47 [1.15, 1.89]）对于和解并非必要。人们经历的创伤事件越多，就越支持对肇事者进行刑事惩罚（OR 1.07 [1.04, 1.10]），而对供述的认可程度越低（OR 0.97 [0.95, 0.99]）。
患有PTSD的人可能会通过和解机会来优先考虑结束暴力，而经历更多创伤的人可能会支持更具惩罚性的机制。政策制定者在设计冲突缓解、和平建设和司法机制时应考虑心理健康治疗和创伤因素。
