Fuermaier Anselm B M, Hüpen Philippa, De Vries Stefanie M, Müller Morgana, Kok Francien M, Koerts Janneke, Heutink Joost, Tucha Lara, Gerlach Manfred, Tucha Oliver
Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, Faculty of Behavioural and Social Sciences, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Centre of Expertise for Blind and Partially Sighted People, Royal Dutch Visio, 9752 AC, Haren, The Netherlands.
Atten Defic Hyperact Disord. 2018 Mar;10(1):21-47. doi: 10.1007/s12402-017-0230-0. Epub 2017 Apr 11.
A large body of research demonstrated that individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from various neuropsychological deficits. In contrast, less is known and only divergent evidence exists on perceptual functions of individuals with ADHD. This is problematic as neuropsychological and perceptual functions are closely interrelated and are often difficult to disentangle in behavioral assessments. This study presents the conduct and results of a systematic literature review on perceptual functions in children and adults with ADHD. This review considers studies using psychophysical methods (objective measurements) and self- and informant reports (subjective measurements). Results indicate that individuals with ADHD have altered perceptual functions in various domains as compared to typically developing individuals. Increased perceptual functions in individuals with ADHD were found with regard to olfactory detection thresholds, whereas reduced perceptual functions were evident for aspects of visual and speech perception. Moreover, individuals with ADHD were found to experience discomfort to sensory stimuli at a lower level than typically developing individuals. Alterations of perceptual functions in individuals with ADHD were shown to be moderated by various factors, such as pharmacological treatment, cognitive functions, and symptom severity. We conclude by giving implications for daily life functioning and clinical practice.
大量研究表明，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的个体存在各种神经心理缺陷。相比之下，关于ADHD个体的感知功能，人们了解较少且仅有不一致的证据。这存在问题，因为神经心理功能和感知功能密切相关，并且在行为评估中往往难以区分。本研究呈现了一项关于ADHD儿童和成人感知功能的系统文献综述的开展情况及结果。该综述考虑了使用心理物理学方法（客观测量）以及自我报告和他人报告（主观测量）的研究。结果表明，与发育正常的个体相比，ADHD个体在各个领域的感知功能都有所改变。ADHD个体在嗅觉检测阈值方面的感知功能增强，而在视觉和言语感知方面的感知功能则明显减弱。此外，发现ADHD个体比发育正常的个体在更低水平上就会对感觉刺激感到不适。ADHD个体感知功能的改变被证明受到多种因素的调节，如药物治疗、认知功能和症状严重程度。我们通过阐述对日常生活功能和临床实践的影响来得出结论。
