Gaete Jorge, Labbé Nicolas, Del Villar Paloma, Allende Catalina, Araya Ricardo, Valenzuela Eduardo
Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK.
Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Monseñor Álvaro del Portillo, 12455, Santiago, Chile.
Crim Behav Ment Health. 2018 Feb;28(1):13-27. doi: 10.1002/cbm.2029. Epub 2017 Apr 12.
Few studies in Latin America have explored mental disorder among young offenders, or variables associated with it.
Our aim was to test for associations between childhood adversity or substance misuse and psychiatric disorders among young offenders.
Sentenced adolescent offenders were recruited from young offenders' institutions or community centres provided by the Chilean National Service for Minors. Psychiatric disorders were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, conducted by trained psychologists. A trained sociologist used an ad hoc interview to collect information about childhood experiences, including parenting, trauma, education and substance misuse. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to analyse data.
The most prevalent psychiatric disorders among the 935 participants were marijuana dependence disorder, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. Substance use disorders were less frequent among young offenders who were serving their sentence in young offenders' institutions than among those serving in community centres and more frequent among those who started to use marijuana at an earlier age. Among other variables, childhood maltreatment was related to major depressive disorder, and maternal death to anxiety disorders. Higher educational status was related to a lower frequency of depressive and anxiety disorders.
Our findings suggest that greater efforts must be made to identify vulnerable young people much earlier. Few of these young offenders with mental health problems had been well adjusted in health, education or socially before this period of detention. © 2017 The Authors. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
拉丁美洲很少有研究探讨青少年罪犯中的精神障碍或与之相关的变量。
我们的目的是测试青少年罪犯童年逆境或物质滥用与精神障碍之间的关联。
从智利国家未成年人服务局提供的青少年罪犯机构或社区中心招募被判刑的青少年罪犯。由训练有素的心理学家使用《迷你国际神经精神病学访谈》对精神障碍进行评估。一名训练有素的社会学家通过专门访谈收集有关童年经历的信息，包括养育方式、创伤、教育和物质滥用情况。使用多变量逻辑回归分析数据。
935名参与者中最常见的精神障碍是大麻依赖障碍、重度抑郁症和焦虑症。在青少年罪犯机构服刑的青少年罪犯中，物质使用障碍的发生率低于在社区中心服刑的青少年罪犯，且在较早开始使用大麻的青少年罪犯中更为常见。在其他变量中，童年虐待与重度抑郁症有关，母亲死亡与焦虑症有关。较高的教育水平与抑郁和焦虑症的较低发生率有关。
我们的研究结果表明，必须更早地做出更大努力来识别易受伤害的年轻人。在被拘留之前，这些有心理健康问题的青少年罪犯中很少有人在健康、教育或社交方面得到良好调整。© 2017作者。《犯罪行为与心理健康》由约翰·威利父子有限公司出版。
